Supercharging of Internal Combustion Engines

Zinner, Karl A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-52196-6

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

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Section: Extension Of Turbines Corrected Mass Flow Mapsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The wide operative range of  that has been able to be measured, thanks to 11 Szymko device [6], in the case of the LSTT ( figure 1A and figure 3) guarantees the consistency of claimed lineal trend. Similar trends were also found by other authors; Zinner [24] and Sanchez et al [25] proposed direct relationships between A eff and ER for a constant turbocharger speed and Muñoz et al [26] proposed a linear approximation for Zinner relationships. Figure 3 shows some deviations of the linear trend at the smaller speeds and at small values of , that can be also observed in figure 6.A).…”

Section: Extension Of Turbines Corrected Mass Flow Mapsupporting

confidence: 87%

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A physically based methodology to extrapolate performance maps of radial turbines

Payri

Serrano

Fajardo

et al. 2012

Energy Conversion and Management

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This paper details a physical based methodology to perform an extrapolation of the radial turbine performance maps, both mass flow characteristics and the efficiency curve. This method takes into account a narrow range of experimental data, which is usually the data available when such turbines are part of a turbocharger. Therefore, the extrapolation methodology is especially useful when data from third parties are being used or when the compressor of a turbocharger is used as turbine brake in a gas stand. The nozzle equation is used to develop an interpolation and extrapolation of the mass flow rate trough the turbine. Then, specific information is extracted from this extrapolation and is fed into a total-to-static efficiency equation to carry out an extension of the efficiency curve. This equation is developed using the definition of the total-to-static efficiency, velocity triangles and thermodynamic and fluid fundamental equations.This procedure has been applied to five radial turbines of different sizes and types. Results are compared against experimental information available in the literature or provided by the turbine manufacturers and a good agreement has been found between theoretical and experimentally estimated data.Keywords: Turbochargers, radial turbines, efficiency and mass flow rate maps extrapolation, physical equations based extrapolation. ------------------------------- Greek --------------------------------- Subscripts INTRODUCTIONA way to characterize the performance of a radial inflow turbine widely used in a turbocharger is via a turbine map. Turbine maps usually are presented using two separate plots: one for the mass flow rate and one for the energy conversion efficiency, which usually is taken as the total-to-static efficiency. The former chart is presented as the corrected mass flow ( * m  ) as a function of the totalto-static expansion ratio (ER). The corrected mass flow ( * m  ) is defined as the mass flow rate multiplied by a ratio between the square root of the turbine stagnation inlet temperature and the turbine stagnation inlet pressure [1]. The other chart is the total-to-static efficiency ( ts ) as a function of the blade to jet speed ratio (), which is a ratio of the rotor tip linear velocity to the isentropic velocity through the turbine stage, for different turbine rotational speeds [1]. [5] used a radial compressor instead of a dynamometer to enable increased power of larger turbines to be absorbed. Szymko [6] developed an installation where an eddy current dynamometer was used in order to absorb the power of the turbine and for providing a low known inertia of the rotating assembly, which increases the measurement accuracy of the instantaneous torque.In the continuous flow test bench at Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, the approach is to use a compressor as a braking device [7]. In this last case, a collection of only a narrow range of data is possible, due to the surge and choke limits of the compressor, so a limited widespread of the data is availabl...

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Section: Extension Of Turbines Corrected Mass Flow Mapsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Extension Of Turbines Corrected Mass Flow Mapsupporting

confidence: 87%

A physically based methodology to extrapolate performance maps of radial turbines

Payri

Serrano

Fajardo

et al. 2012

Energy Conversion and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the same time, the positive displacement compressors employed in such configurations (e.g., Roots or Lysholm) are capable of achieving high boost even at low rotational speeds owing to their flow characteristics, which are fundamentally different from those of their aerodynamic counterparts (see Figure 2 for a direct comparison between the maps of the two charging concepts). In any case, disadvantages in the form of higher fuel consumption (owing to the extra power needed to drive the compressor) and design issues (due to the mechanical connection between crankshaft and compressor) have limited the application of mechanical superchargers (Zinner, 1978;Hiereth and Prenninger, 2007).…”

Section: Combined Superchargingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By so doing, the air-supply that enters the cylinders is increased accordingly, enabling efficient burning of proportionately higher amount of fuel. The obvious benefit here is the direct increase in the engine power; at the same time, down-sizing of the engine is possible (Zinner, 1978;Watson and Janota, 1982;Hiereth and Prenninger, 2007). Turbocharging -a special case of supercharging, where the expansion in a turbine of the exhaust gases leaving the cylinders supplies the power needed to drive the compressor -has been for many decades now the most preferred supercharging version for both compression and spark ignition engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Some Methods for Improving Transient Response in Automotive Diesel Engines through Various Turbocharging Configurations

Giakoumis

2016

Front. Mech. Eng.

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Turbocharged diesel engines suffer from worse transient performance than their naturally aspirated counterparts, mostly at low loads and speeds. This leads to overshoot in engine-out exhaust emissions (primarily particulate matter/soot and NOx) after a speed or load increase, as well as poor drivability. The main cause for this problematic behavior is located in the turbocharger in the form of high moment of inertia and unfavorable aerodynamic-type compressor flow characteristics. In the present work, various alternative turbocharging configurations are reviewed that have proven successful in improving the dynamic diesel engine operation. These configurations are combined supercharging, variable-geometry turbine, electrically assisted turbocharging, two-stage series and sequential turbocharging, and lower turbine moment of inertia. Significant improvement in the engine's transient response can be realized when designing for smaller turbocharger frames or applying more than one units (in series or parallel arrangement). Increasing the available turbine torque (e.g., through elevated turbine back pressure in a variable-geometry turbine) is another successful option, as well as enhancement of the boost pressure (e.g., through the use of a positive displacement compressor upstream of the turbocharger). Finally, the use of external energy (e.g., in the form of electrical assistance on the turbocharger shaft during the critical turbocharger-lag phase) is another recently developed and highly promising measure to mitigate the drawbacks of the poor transient performance of turbocharged diesel-engined vehicles and limit their exhaust emissions. The choice of the "best" configuration for a specific application depends on many parameters, such as cost, matching procedure, control system, and mainly type of engine and drive cycle of the vehicle.

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“…The solution consists of the use of a specific regr determine the pure bearing losses (P bear) and the heat flux via speed, mean gas temperature at the turbine, mean oil tempe inlet/outlet pressures [11]. The regression formula for the calc stated in (2).…”

Section: (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Experiments on a Twin Scroll Turbocharger Turbine for Calibration of a Complex 1-D Model

Žák¹,

Máček²,

Hatschbach³

2016

Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars

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The goal of the contribution is to describe the process of measurement on a twin entry turbocharger turbine, and evaluation of obtained data. A specific feature of the twin entry turbine measurement is the separation of turbine sections. It is necessary to control different conditions in each section to achieve partial admission of the turbine impeller. The results are fundamental for the calibration process of a developed physical 1-D model of a radial turbine with twin scroll.

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Supercharging of Internal Combustion Engines

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

A physically based methodology to extrapolate performance maps of radial turbines

A physically based methodology to extrapolate performance maps of radial turbines

Review of Some Methods for Improving Transient Response in Automotive Diesel Engines through Various Turbocharging Configurations

Evaluation of Experiments on a Twin Scroll Turbocharger Turbine for Calibration of a Complex 1-D Model

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