Supercapattery: Merit merge of capacitive and Nernstian charge storage mechanisms

Abstract

Supercapattery is the generic name for hybrids of supercapacitor and rechargeable battery. Batteries store charge via Faradaic processes, involving reversible transfer of localised or zone-delocalised valence electrons. The former is governed by the Nernst equation. The latter leads to pseudocapacitance (or Faradaic capacitance) which may be differentiated from electric double layer capacitance with spectroscopic assistance such as electron spin resonance. Since capacitive storage is the basis of supercapacitors, the combination of capacitive and Nernstian mechanisms has dominated supercapattery research since 2018, covering nanostructured and compounded metal oxides and sulfides, water-in-salt and redox active electrolytes and bipolar stacks of multi-cells. The technical achievements so far, such as specific energy of 270 Wh/kg in aqueous electrolyte, and charging-discharging for over 5000 cycles, benchmark a challenging but promising future of supercapattery.

Conjugated Molecules and Polymers in Secondary Batteries: A Perspective

“…For overviews on selected aspects of the application of ICPs in supercapacitors, see [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]; their use in flexible devices has been discussed in [27,28] and in stretchable devices in [29]. Whether this field of research becomes more enlightened by establishing further terms and acronyms, as in [30], remains an open question.…”

Physicochemical Approaches for Thin Film Energy Storage Devices through PVD Techniques

“…It deserves that the electrochemical performance of Supercapbattery is nearly attendant to the reasonable design of electrode materials, particularly battery-type materials which deliver large capacity developed from dynamical Faradaic redox reactions. Consequently, the consideration of novel battery-type materials based on various Nanostructures has become a research focal point to encourage the electrochemical performance of Supercapbatteries [42,43]. Recently Author group designed thin film based supercapbatteries by using PLD.…”

“…Supercapbattery devices having high effective battery type electrode materials, which is determined slow kinetics, rate performances quit low and less number of cycling stability. Supercapbattery devices construct the larger potential of battery materials such they are fashionable redox active nature permitting faradaic reaction processes with high energy density materials are appropriate for positive electrodes and pseudo-behavior materials are highly suitable for negative electrodes [41,43]. In this similarity, author reported the electrochemical investigation of V 2 O 5 thin film electrode in a three electrode configuration delivered maximum capacity of 3.25 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.6 A g −1 as displayed in Figure 7a.…”

Synthesis of Molybdenum Sulfide/Tellurium Hetero-Composite by a Simple One-Pot Hydrothermal Technique for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Material

“…The limitations of both batteries and conventional capacitors, along with the gaps between their performances, can be managed with the intensive exploration of special types of contemporary energy storage tools and techniques, such as electrochemical capacitors, supercapacitors, and ultracapacitors [ 12 ]. Supercapacitor devices can be used in various fields—such as in electric vehicles in the automobile industry, military purposes, etc.—due to their fast charge-discharge capacity, high specific capacitance, effective storage capability, good stability, long lifecycle, and significant power density [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. These special and unique features of supercapacitors have placed them in the spotlight as alternative energy and power sources to build energy supply systems.…”