Supercapacitors: Recent Advances in Design and Fabrication of Electrochemical Supercapacitors with High Energy Densities (Adv. Energy Mater. 4/2014)

A Metal‐Free Supercapacitor Electrode Material with a Record High Volumetric Capacitance over 800 F cm−3

“…The galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of the PANI/graphene composite with 54% PANI loading are shown in Figure S7 (Supporting Information), which further demonstrate the pseudocapacitive behavior of PANI/graphene composite. The rate performance of the PANI/ graphene composite with 54% PANI loading can still deliver a capacitance of 360 F g −1 when the current density increased to [ 4 ] Ti 3 C 2 T x clay, [ 5 ] Ti 3 C 2 T x paper, [ 6 ] HPGM, [ 7 ] MoS 2 nanosheets, [ 11 ] functionalized graphene sheets, [ 19 ] porous carbon layer/graphene, [ 20 ] RGO-F/PANI, [ 26 ] dense carbon monolith, [ 36 ] and aMEGO/MnO 2 . [ 37 ] c) Volumetric capacitance of the calendared electrode containing binder and carbon black at different current densities.…”

Microwave-Assisted Oxidation of Electrospun Turbostratic Carbon Nanofibers for Tailoring Energy Storage Capabilities

“…Since ECNF material systems [13,14] and carbon materials with heteroatom chemical moieties [49,[59][60][61][62] show great promise for electrocapacitive energy storage applications, we are particularly interested in the relationship between the oxidation-induced structural evolution of ECNFs and their electrochemical properties. We performed electrochemical characterizations of ECNFs, assynthesized and microwave-irradiated for different times, in a threeelectrode system using a standard aqueous electrolyte (1 M H 2 SO 4 ); the results for uECNF, ECNF-M2, ECNF-M3, and ECNF-M5 are shown in Figure 2.…”

“…Nonetheless, carbon electrodes are still the most popular choice to date for use in commercial supercapacitor devices due to their ease of synthesis, low cost, and exceptional chemical and electrochemical stability. [48][49][50] Metal oxides (e.g., RuO 2 , [51,52] MnO 2 [53,54] ) and electroactive polymers (e.g., polyaniline, [55,56] polyvinylferrocene) [57,58] exhibit pseudocapacitive characteristics, and have been shown to deliver remarkably higher capacitance values than those of carbon materials possessing only DL capacitances. However, several challenges still remain -the high cost of Ru-based oxides may prohibit them from use in practical applications, while the cycling instability and the poor rate performance of Mn-based oxides and electroactive polymers remain critical issues that require careful examination.…”

“…However, several challenges still remain -the high cost of Ru-based oxides may prohibit them from use in practical applications, while the cycling instability and the poor rate performance of Mn-based oxides and electroactive polymers remain critical issues that require careful examination. [49,59,60] Carbon materials functionalized with heteroatom chemical moieties have recently attracted interest for capacitive energy storage. These materials can exhibit high specific capacitances and energy densities due to the heteroatom-induced pseudocapacitance, while simultaneously displaying the merits of carbon electrodes such as excellent cycling stability and high power densities.…”

“…These materials can exhibit high specific capacitances and energy densities due to the heteroatom-induced pseudocapacitance, while simultaneously displaying the merits of carbon electrodes such as excellent cycling stability and high power densities. [49,[59][60][61][62] The key to exceptional electrocapacitive performance is the introduction of ample heteroatom functional groups while simultaneously maintaining good electron/ion transport properties. Herein we report the systematic structural manipulation of PANderived turbostratic ECNFs by a microwave-assisted oxidation process.…”