Superantigens of a superbug: Major culprits of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>disease?

Aman, M. Javad

doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1255399

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The structure-function relationship of several SAgs has been resolved in the past 25 years [6,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. On that basis, inactivating mutations have been predicted and experimentally confirmed for a number of staphylococcal SAgs [45][46][47]. The development of detoxified SEB and TSST-1 mutants is most advanced [48,49].…”

Section: Vaccination Against Sagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, an effective SAg toxoid vaccine would elicit both neutralizing anti-SAg antibodies and protective SAg-specific T cell responses. Antibodies are required to neutralize the toxicity of SAgs and dampen the inflammatory response early on during an infection while allowing Th17 cells to take action and clear the infection [47]. Moreover, any SAg toxoid vaccines should be adjuvanted and/or administered in a way that induces a protective Th1/Th17 response while preventing unwanted Th2/Treg responses.…”

Section: Vaccination Against Sagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since S. aureus produces a plethora of toxins apart from SAgs, a vaccine targeting only SAgs might not provide broad protection against a challenging pathogen like S. aureus. Hence, vaccination studies should include SAgs along with other virulence factors in a multivalent vaccine [47].…”

Section: Vaccination Against Sagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Abdurrahman

Schmiedeke

Bachert

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Staphylococcus aureus superantigens (SAgs) are among the most potent T cell mitogens known. They stimulate large fractions of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor with major histocompatibility complex class-II molecules on antigen presenting cells, resulting in T cell proliferation and massive cytokine release. To date, 26 different SAgs have been described in the species S. aureus; they comprise the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), as well as 25 staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) or enterotoxin-like proteins (SEls). SAgs can cause staphylococcal food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome and contribute to the clinical symptoms of staphylococcal infection. In addition, there is growing evidence that SAgs are involved in allergic diseases. This review provides an overview on recent epidemiological data on the involvement of S. aureus SAgs and anti-SAg-IgE in allergy, demonstrating that being sensitized to SEs-in contrast to inhalant allergens-is associated with a severe disease course in patients with chronic airway inflammation. The mechanisms by which SAgs trigger or amplify allergic immune responses, however, are not yet fully understood. Here, we discuss known and hypothetical pathways by which SAgs can drive an atopic disease. Key Contribution:There is growing evidence for an involvement of S. aureus SAgs in allergies. Colonization with S. aureus and the presence of IgE antibodies against SAgs (also known as SE-IgE) are strongly linked with allergic sensitization and severe chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms by which SAgs can drive/or exacerbate an allergic immune response.

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Section: Vaccination Against Sagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccination Against Sagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Abdurrahman

Schmiedeke

Bachert

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This has the potential to blunt an observed effect, and, recently, transgenic mice have been developed with humanized, superantigen-responsive HLA molecules to better recapitulate the human host environment [ 124 ]. Despite these challenges, antibodies to superantigens are capable of neutralizing these toxins in several in vivo models and have been associated with protection [ 125 ]. A monoclonal antibody to SEB, 20B1, was shown to be effective against MRSA infection in multiple murine models, including sepsis, skin, and deep-tissue abscess models [ 126 ].…”

Section: Role Of S Aureus Toxins In Human Disementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Evidence for the Role of Toxins in S. aureus Human Disease

Bennett

Thomsen

2020

Toxins

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Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonizes approximately 30–50% of the population and is a leading cause of bacteremia, bone/joint infections, and skin infections in the US. S. aureus has become a major public health threat due to antibiotic resistance and an increasing number of failed vaccine attempts. To develop new anti-staphylococcal preventive therapies, it will take a more thorough understanding of the current role S. aureus virulence factors play in contributing to human disease. This review focuses on the clinical association of individual toxins with S. aureus infection as well as attempted treatment options. Further understanding of these associations will increase understanding of toxins and their importance to S. aureus pathogenesis.

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“…El Staphylococcus aureus es capaz de secretar entre 23 a 24 superantígenos diferentes serológicamente dentro de los que se encuentran más de 20 enterotoxinas estafi lococcicas (SEs del inglés) entre estas la TSST-1, las SEs con serotipos A, B n , C n , (N=múltiples variantes) D, E, F y G; y la SE -1 (serotipo H, I y J a la X). En función de muchos de estos superantígenos, especialmente el SEA, y con menos frecuencia el SEG, SEC, SEI, se ha explicado la patogénesis de los S.aureus y su evolución hacia la sepsis; así como la patogénesis de los S.aureus meticilina resistentes (MRSA en inglés) asociados a sepsis letal, endocarditis infecciosa y lesión renal en modelos animales debido específi camente a sus superantígenos SEA y SEC, así como al gen mecA que codifi ca la proteína de unión a la penicilina alterada (PBP2a) que es su principal mecanismo de resistencia a la meticilina lo que les hace unos de los microorganismos que más centran la atención en los últimos años de la comunidad científi ca y médica al ser responsables del aumento de la tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad de infecciones por estafi lococos a nivel hospitalario y comunitario dada la multirresistencia que exhiben y el estar asociados (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Bacterias Gram Positivas: Estructura Molecular Antigénicaunclassified

Fisiopatología de la sepsis por gram positivos

Fandiño¹,

Barrera²

2016

rev cuarzo

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Las bacterias gram positivas vienen cobrando importancia como agentes etiológicos de la sepsis siendo algunos de principales representantes Staphylococcus aureus, las cepas de S.aureus meticilino resistentes (MRSA del inglés) y el Streptococcus pyogenes o también llamado Streptococcus del grupo A invasivo (GAS). Dado que en su estructura celular presentan diversas moléculas que pueden ser reconocidas como patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos (PAMPs) como son el peptidoglicano (PNG) el ácido teicoico (LTA), las lipoproteínas; y otras que activan directamente el sistema inmune adaptativo como son los Superantígenos; los pacientes infectados pueden exponerse de manera simultánea a una respuesta inmune amplifi cada de manera sinérgica entre todos estos tipos de antígenos, que a través de vías de señalización intracelular desencadenarán la transcripción de genes codifi cadores de citocinas pro infl amatorias como el TNFα, la IL-1β, la IL-6, el INFγ, IL-8, IL-18, IL-2, IL-12, IL-10 que darán lugar a muchas de las manifestaciones clínicas de la sepsis y se vienen asociando como predictores del pronóstico de esta junto a otros marcadores moleculares de la misma.

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Superantigens of a superbug: Major culprits ofStaphylococcus aureusdisease?

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Epidemiological and Clinical Evidence for the Role of Toxins in S. aureus Human Disease

Fisiopatología de la sepsis por gram positivos

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