Superantigen Production by &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/i&gt;in Psoriasis

Sayama, Koji; Midorikawa, Kazushige; Hanakawa, Yasushi; Sugai, Motoyuki; Hashimoto, K.

doi:10.1159/000017898

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For instance, colonization with SAg-producing strains of patients and controls indicates that there are no differences (35,42,56). Numerous host and environmental factors influence the expression and effects of secreted SAgs and thereby their infiuence on pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Sayama et al (35) failed to detect SAgproducing S. aureus in lesional skin, non-lesional skin and throat sites of psoriasis patients in significant percentages. Therefore, they concluded that SAgs are not essential to maintain psoriasis, although they may be exacerbating factors or triggers for the disease.…”

Section: Superantigens and Their Relevance In Dermatological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superantigens and their Association with Dermatological Inflammatory Diseases: Facts and Hypotheses

Jappe¹

2000

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

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Superantigens have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin diseases as well as systemic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vasculitis, T-cell lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Infections often precede the onset and relapse of these diseases, and antibiotic treatment with or without additional glucocorticosteroids and immunoglobulins is occasionally successful. Superantigens are microbial proteins that are able to stimulate up to 20% of the naive T-cell population in a non-specific way. They are produced by gram-positive and -negative bacteria as well as by viruses, parasites and yeasts. The importance of the pathogenic role of superantigens is determined by the potency to induce inflammation by extensive cytokine release after T-cell stimulation and/or T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and, thereby, tissue damage. Furthermore, superantigens may be able to induce autoimmune processes by stimulation of autoreactive T-cells as well as autoantibody production by stimulation of B-cells. Among the diseases associated with superantigens, atopic dermatitis, guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis, as well as Kawasaki disease, are by far the best-characterized. Nevertheless, conflicting results have been obtained and formal proof of a pathogenic role of superantigens in these diseases is still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the data on superantigens in terms of their distribution in microorganisms, their interactions with the adaptive immune system and their contribution to skin pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Superantigens and Their Relevance In Dermatological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superantigens and their Association with Dermatological Inflammatory Diseases: Facts and Hypotheses

Jappe¹

2000

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

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“…There is a genetic predisposition to develop the disease 10 The results of this study showed that 25% of patients had positive family history of psoriasis.…”

Section: Lipid Profile Of Psoriatic and Normal Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Lipid profile in patients with psoriasis in Zahedan, south‐east Iran

Hashemi

Daliri

Mehrabifar

et al. 2009

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…These results show that there is a relationship between toxinpositive S. aureus colonization and psoriasis activation (39). On the other hand, Sayama et al (40) could only demonstrate the presence of enterotoxin (seb) and tst-1 in 5 of the 100 S. aureus strains isolated from diseased skin swabs of psoriasis patients, and they concluded that SAgs do not have a role in the development of psoriasis (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

PCR investigation of Panton-Valentine leukocidin, enterotoxin, exfoliative toxin,and agr genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from psoriasis patients*

Göçmen¹,

Sahiner²,

Koçak³

et al. 2015

Turk J Med Sci

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IntroductionPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the skin. Genetic, environmental, and immunological factors play important roles in the development of the disease. Its incidence may change in different parts of the world depending on environmental, ethnic, and geographic differences. Both sexes are affected equally by the disease, and patients are usually diagnosed between 15 and 30 years of age. Although it can be seen in almost all races, it is rare in Asia and Africa. It has an overall prevalence of 2%-3% in the general population (1,2). Its prevalence in children is reported to range from 0% (Taiwan) to 2.1% (Italy), and in adults from 0.91% (United States) to 8.5% (Norway). In the United States, the annual incidence estimate in children is 40.8/100,000, while in adults the annual incidence varies from 78.9/100,000 (United States) to 230/100,000 (Italy) (1). The prevalence in the Turkish population is reported as 1.3% (2). Bacteria are known to play an important role in the development and chronicity of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The relationship between bacterial colonization or infection of the skin and the development of inflammatory skin diseases is well described in studies reporting the relapse of guttate psoriasis following streptococcal pharyngitis and the development of atopic dermatitis following Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the skin (3,4).S. aureus colonizes the anterior nares of 20%-40% of the healthy adult population. It can also colonize the perineum, perianal region, axilla, gastrointestinal tract, and skin folds. Trauma, burns, diabetes, and immune suppression can lead to opportunistic infections with this colonizing pathogen (5).S. aureus can be the cause of a wide spectrum of infectious diseases due to its many virulence factors, which facilitate its spread in host tissues and its escape Background/aim: Staphylococcus aureus colonization is a determiner of disease activation in psoriasis patients. Here we evaluate the presence of genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), enterotoxins, TSST-1, exfoliative toxins, and the accessory gene regulatory locus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in S. aureus isolates obtained from healthy and diseased skin regions and anterior nares of psoriasis patients and healthy controls. Materials and methods:The presence of PVL and toxin genes was investigated, and agr typing was performed by PCR.Results: Eighteen of the isolated strains carried the sei, 1 carried the seb-sec, and 1 carried the seg enterotoxin gene. Eight of the strains carrying enterotoxin genes were isolated from nasal swabs, 6 from diseased skin swabs, and 4 from healthy skin swabs. None of the strains isolated from the control group carried the agr locus. On the other hand, 11 of the S. aureus strains isolated from the patients carried type 1, 7 carried type 1 + 3, 4 carried type 2, 4 carried type 3, and 1 carried type 1 + 2 agr loci. Conclusion:Enterotoxin production and the carried accessory gene regulatory loc...

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Superantigen Production by <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>in Psoriasis

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Superantigens and their Association with Dermatological Inflammatory Diseases: Facts and Hypotheses

Superantigens and their Association with Dermatological Inflammatory Diseases: Facts and Hypotheses

Lipid profile in patients with psoriasis in Zahedan, south‐east Iran

PCR investigation of Panton-Valentine leukocidin, enterotoxin, exfoliative toxin,and agr genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from psoriasis patients*

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