Superabsorbent Polymers as a Means of Improving Frost Resistance of Concrete

Hasholt, Marianne Tange; Jensen, Ole Mejlhede; Laustsen, Sara

doi:10.1520/acem20150012

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similarly, the pore structure of concrete mixed with various types of SAPs and the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete containing SAPs have been studied [11]. Freeze–thaw resistance tests for concrete have been conducted by setting the SAP dosage and SAP particle size as variables [12]. Recently, the effect of two types of SAPs on the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete in various regions of the world has been reported via the results of an inter-laboratory study [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Effective Water-to-Cement Ratios on Internal Damage and Salt Scaling of Concrete with Superabsorbent Polymer

et al. 2019

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Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is attracting attention as a water-entraining admixture that reduces shrinkage or heals cracks in concrete. Cross-linked sodium polyacrylate SAPs, which are the most widely produced SAPs in the global market, are applicable as concrete admixtures. However, there have been contradictory results on the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete with SAPs. This study aims to clarify these results considering the water absorption behavior of SAPs in hardened concrete when effective water-to-cement ratios are different. Firstly, the absorbencies of one kind of cross-linked sodium polyacrylate SAP (SAP_SP) in pore solution and fresh mortar were measured by a tea bag test and flow test, respectively. Pore size distribution, capillary water absorption, and deformation during freeze–thaw cycles were analyzed for mortar samples with varying SAP_SP dosages. In the main tests, concrete samples with three different SAP_SPs/cement ratios (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) and a reference sample were prepared, and internal damage and salt scaling were measured under freeze–thaw cycles. Because SAP_SP absorbs water in fresh mixtures, additional water was added to the mixture considering the water absorbency of the SAP_SP. It was found that the used SAP_SPs prematurely release their stored water so the effective water-to-cement ratio was increased when a larger amount of SAP_SP was used. The higher effective water-to-cement ratio caused more internal damage and salt scaling due to the weaker cementitious matrix. In addition, mortar samples with a high SAP_SP content show a larger absorption of capillary water than the reference sample. The result can be interpreted by an observation that SAP_SP in air voids absorbs water and expands to relatively large capillary pores or neighbor air voids during the capillary water absorption process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many experimental studies have found that SAP improves the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete [11,12,13,14,15]; however, opposite cases have also been reported [13,14,16]. A possible explanation for these conflicting results could be the complex absorption behavior of SAPs in hardened concrete when the concrete is exposed to water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Effective Water-to-Cement Ratios on Internal Damage and Salt Scaling of Concrete with Superabsorbent Polymer

et al. 2019

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“…Superabsorbent polymer hydrogel particles provide an effective method of internal curing [14][15][16][17], because the hydrogel particles can absorb and release large amounts of water to fuel the hydration reaction [13]. The use of hydrogel particles for internal curing has been found to reduce autogenous shrinkage [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], reduce crack propagation [9,25,26], increase autogenous sealing potential [9,27,28], increase resistance to freeze-thaw cycles [29][30][31][32][33][34], and increase durability [33,35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer-Silica Composite Hydrogel Particles and Influence of Hydrogel Composition on Cement Paste Microstructure

Krafcik

Bose

Erk

2018

Advances in Civil Engineering Materials

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The objective of this research is to define the fundamental structure-property relationships of water-swollen polymer hydrogel particles that are employed as internal curing agents in cementitious mixtures, in addition to reporting a novel synthesis procedure for combining pozzolanic materials with hydrogel particles. Solution polymerization was performed to incorporate amorphous nanosilica particles within acrylic-based polymer hydrogel particles of varying chemical compositions (i.e., monomer ratio of acrylic acid (AA) to acrylamide (AM)). Experiments were designed to measure the absorption capacity and kinetics of hydrogel particles immersed in pure water and cementitious pore solution, as well as determine the impact of particles on cement paste microstructure. While majority-AM hydrogel particles displayed relatively stable absorption values during immersion in pore solution, majority-AA hydrogel particles desorbed fluid over time, most likely due to the interactions of multivalent cations in the absorbed solution with the anionic polymer network. Interestingly, the addition of negatively charged nanosilica particles accelerated and enhanced this desorption response. When incorporated into cement paste, majority-AM hydrogel particles encouraged the formation of calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate within the void space previously occupied by the swollen particles. When nanosilica was added to the

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“…This fact influences the method of calculating the water-binder ratio. Usually, with respect to concrete composites with SAP addition, three variants of this coefficient are distinguished: (w/c) tot —total water-binder ratio, (w e /c)—ratio of entrained water to the mass of the binder and (w eff /c)—effective water-binder ratio, where w eff is the total mass of water used in the concrete mix, minus the mass of water entrained in the modifier serving as the internal curing agent [ 6 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Dosing Method and Material Characteristics of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) on the Effectiveness of the Concrete Internal Curing

Woyciechowski

Kalinowski

2018

Materials

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This paper examines the influence of dosing method and material characteristic of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) used for internal curing, on the selected concrete properties. A new method of introducing SAP into the concrete mix and its impact on the shrinkage and compressive strength of concrete was studied. It was shown that the method of dosing SAP to the concrete mix and the differences in the properties of the tested SAPs have a significant impact on the course of changes of selected properties of the tested concrete composites. In order to compare tested series with each other and with other published results on the subject, a new method of including SAP mass content in the concrete mix, as a percentage of absorbed mixing water, was presented. The effectiveness of internal curing using different types of SAP under different dosing methods was presented as a percentage difference in tested concrete properties between modified series and reference series.

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Superabsorbent Polymers as a Means of Improving Frost Resistance of Concrete

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of Effective Water-to-Cement Ratios on Internal Damage and Salt Scaling of Concrete with Superabsorbent Polymer

Influence of Effective Water-to-Cement Ratios on Internal Damage and Salt Scaling of Concrete with Superabsorbent Polymer

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer-Silica Composite Hydrogel Particles and Influence of Hydrogel Composition on Cement Paste Microstructure

The Influence of Dosing Method and Material Characteristics of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) on the Effectiveness of the Concrete Internal Curing

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