Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based to Polyacrylamide/Cashew Tree Gum for the Controlled Release of Water and Plant Nutrients

The increase in the population rate has increased the demand for safe and quality food products. However, the current agricultural system faces many challenges in producing vegetables and fruits. Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers, deficiency of water resources, short shelf life of products postharvest, and nontargeted delivery of agrochemicals are the main challenges. In this regard, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising materials in the agriculture sector for minimizing these challenges due to its mechanical strength, viscosity, wide availability, and edibility properties. CMC also has high water absorbency; therefore, it can be used for water deficiency (as superabsorbent hydrogels). Due to the many hydroxyl groups on its surface, this substance has high efficacy in removing pollutants, such as pesticides and heavy metals. Enriching CMC coatings with additional substances, such as antimicrobial, antibrowning, antioxidant, and antisoftening materials, can provide further novel formulations with unique advantages. In addition, the encapsulation of bioactive materials or pesticides provides a targeted delivery system. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the use of CMC in agriculture and its applications for preserving fruit and vegetable quality, remediating agricultural pollution, preserving water sources, and encapsulating bioactive molecules for targeted delivery.

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“… Swelling behavior of superabsorbent hydrogels (SAH) in a real sample ( A ) [ 106 ] and schematically ( B ). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-/Nano-Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Promising Biopolymer with Prospects in the Agriculture Sector: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…The experimental data best fitted with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, demonstrating that the diffusion process took place in the sustained release of the PHP fertilizer. 304…”

Section: Applications Of Hydrogel In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, classification and properties of hydrogels: their applications in drug delivery and agriculture

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, using functionalized acrylamides as monomers, it is possible to produce hydrophilic [ 3 ], or hydrophobic gels [ 4 ], thermosensitive (“smart”) materials [ 5 ], polyelectrolytes bearing positive [ 6 ] or negative charges [ 7 ], etc. The hydrophilic gels swell strongly (>20.000%) in water [ 8 ], and the more hydrophobic polymers also swell in nonaqueous solvents [ 9 ]. Similar to other synthetic hydrogels, their large water retention capacity makes them useful in drug release [ 10 ], water absorption [ 11 ] and decontamination [ 12 ], sensors [ 13 ], actuators [ 14 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Materials Made by Combining Hydrogels (Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides) and Conducting Polymers (Polyanilines)—A Critical Review

Barbero

2023

Polymers

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Hydrogels made of cross-linked polyacrlyamides (cPAM) and conducting materials made of polyanilines (PANIs) are both the most widely used materials in each category. This is due to their accessible monomers, easy synthesis and excellent properties. Therefore, the combination of these materials produces composites which show enhanced properties and also synergy between the cPAM properties (e.g., elasticity) and those of PANIs (e.g., conductivity). The most common way to produce the composites is to form the gel by radical polymerization (usually by redox initiators) then incorporate the PANIs into the network by oxidative polymerization of anilines. It is often claimed that the product is a semi-interpenetrated network (s-IPN) made of linear PANIs penetrating the cPAM network. However, there is evidence that the nanopores of the hydrogel become filled with PANIs nanoparticles, producing a composite. On the other hand, swelling the cPAM in true solutions of PANIs macromolecules renders s-IPN with different properties. Technological applications of the composites have been developed, such as photothermal (PTA)/electromechanical actuators, supercapacitors, movement/pressure sensors, etc. PTA devices rely on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (light, microwaves, radiofrequency) by PANIs, which heats up the composite, triggering the phase transition of a thermosensitive cPAM. Therefore, the synergy of properties of both polymers is beneficial.

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Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based to Polyacrylamide/Cashew Tree Gum for the Controlled Release of Water and Plant Nutrients

Cited by 33 publications

References 94 publications

Micro-/Nano-Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Promising Biopolymer with Prospects in the Agriculture Sector: A Review

Micro-/Nano-Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Promising Biopolymer with Prospects in the Agriculture Sector: A Review

Synthesis, classification and properties of hydrogels: their applications in drug delivery and agriculture

Functional Materials Made by Combining Hydrogels (Cross-Linked Polyacrylamides) and Conducting Polymers (Polyanilines)—A Critical Review

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