Superabsorbent hydrogel composites and nanocomposites: A review

Kabiri, Kourosh; Omidian, Hossein; Zohuriaan‐Mehr, M. J.; Doroudiani, Saeed

doi:10.1002/pc.21046

Cited by 394 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…"nanoclay", or other finely divided minerals have been added to the formulation during the preparation of SAPs (Pourjavadi and Ghasemzadeh 2006;Pourjavadi et al 2008;Dai and Kadla 2009;Zhang et al 2008b;2009;Wang et al , 2011aAnirudhan et al 2011;Bao et al 2011;Chang and Zhang 2011;El Salmawi and Ibrahim 2011;Kabiri et al 2011). In some cases the inclusion of nano-sized mineral particles during hydrogel preparation yielded a substantial increase in water absorption capacity (Pourjavadi et al 2008;Zhang et al 2008b;2009;Wang et al , 2011aEl Salmawi and Ibrahim 2011), whereas in some other cases the nanominerals tended to suppress absorbency (Pourjavadi and Ghasemzadeh 2006;Dai and Kadla 2009).…”

Section: Integration Of Cellulosic Solids Into Sapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several innovative studies have shown that, at least in principle, higher absorbency of hydrogels can be achieved by using longer, flexible crosslinking agents (Xiao and Meshitsuka 2001;Sannino et al 2003;Chang and Zhang 2011;Kabiri et al 2011;Pohjantehto et al 2011). In practice this is achieved by inserting a "spacer" between the two reactive groups of a suitable crosslinking agent (Chang and Zhang 2011).…”

Section: Cross-link Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enhanced Absorbent Products Incorporating Cellulose and Its Derivatives: A Review

Hubbe¹,

Ayoub²,

Daystar³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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Cellulose and some cellulose derivatives can play vital roles in the enhancement of the performance of absorbent products. Cellulose itself, in the form of cellulosic fibers or nano-fibers, can provide structure, bulk, water-holding capacity, and channeling of fluids over a wide dimensional range. Likewise, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) have been widely studied as components in superabsorbent polymer (SAP) formulations. The present review focuses on strategies and mechanisms in which inclusion of cellulose -in its various formscan enhance either the capacity or the rate of aqueous fluid absorption in various potential applications.

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Section: Integration Of Cellulosic Solids Into Sapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-link Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Absorbent Products Incorporating Cellulose and Its Derivatives: A Review

Hubbe¹,

Ayoub²,

Daystar³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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“…They possess a highly hydrated polymeric structure, exhibiting up to 40-fold change in volume as they swell or shrink in the presence or absence of water, respectively, and can be modified to respond to various physical and biological stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, ions, and biochemical signals [9,10] . These unique features make hydrogels excellent environments for cell attachment and proliferation within their hydrated hydrogel networks, which offer abundant space for cell growth while facilitating the transportation of essential metabolites and nutrients to the encapsulated cells [8,11] . However, most hydrogels suffer from a lack of mechanical strength and unsuitable degradation behavior compared with native tissues such as ligament, tendon, muscle, or cartilage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, augmenting the mechanical properties and bioactivity of hydrogel have been a challenging task for material scientists [8] . Hydrogel composite system is one of the most suitable strategy for incorporating and combining various hydrogel functions and properties, not attainable by any single hydrogel alone [11] . Over the past few decades, a diverse range of reinforcements have been proposed utilizing various composite designs such as particle-, anisotropic filler-, and fiber-hydrogel composite systems in which reinforcements are stabilized and immobilized via physical or chemical interactions in the hydrogel matrix [8,9,11,12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of hydrogel composite systems: Recent advances in technology for tissue engineering

Jang¹,

Jung²,

Pan³

et al. 2018

ijb

179

112

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing of hydrogels is now an attractive area of research due to its capability to fabricate intricate, complex and highly customizable scaffold structures that can support cell adhesion and promote cell infiltration for tissue engineering. However, pure hydrogels alone lack the necessary mechanical stability and are too easily degraded to be used as printing ink. To overcome this problem, significant progress has been made in the 3D printing of hydrogel composites with improved mechanical performance and biofunctionality. Herein, we provide a brief overview of existing hydrogel composite 3D printing techniques including laser based-3D printing, nozzle based-3D printing, and inkjet printer based-3D printing systems. Based on the type of additives, we will discuss four main hydrogel composite systems in this review: polymer-or hydrogel-hydrogel composites, particle-reinforced hydrogel composites, fiber-reinforced hydrogel composites, and anisotropic filler-reinforced hydrogel composites. Additionally, several emerging potential applications of hydrogel composites in the field of tissue engineering and their accompanying challenges are discussed in parallel.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) is a crosslinked polymer with applications in sorption of compounds from aqueous solutions, chromatographic columns, ion-exchange resins, membranes, and enzyme immobilization. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is used for the synthesis of tailor-made polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of RAFT Copolymerization with Crosslinking of Styrene/Divinylbenzene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

López‐Domínguez

Hernández‐Ortiz

Vivaldo‐Lima

2017

Macro Theory & Simulations

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medium for radical polymerizations since it is nontoxic and has a readily accessible critical point, T c = 31 °C and P c = 74 bar (mild conditions compared to water whose critical conditions are T c = 374 °C and P c = 221 bar). [19] Furthermore, side reactions in CO 2 , such as chain transfer to solvent and formation of complexes with monomer and polymer, are not expected. [20] Reversible deactivation radical homoand copolymerizations in scCO 2 have been reported for RAFT, [21][22][23][24][25][26] ATRP, [27] and NMRP. [28,29] In these reports the polymerizations have been claimed to proceed in a controlled manner with low molar mass dispersities (Ð < 1.5). Modeling of (co)polymerization kinetics and molar mass development in scCO 2 for linear systems or conventional (uncontrolled) nonlinear ones has already been addressed in the literature. Since the polymer is often insoluble in scCO 2 , the polymerization proceeds in dispersion or precipitation in two reaction sites, the CO 2 -rich and the polymer-rich phases. [30] Comprehensive models allow computation of the full molar mass distribution (for linear cases) by using phase equilibrium, a kinetic description of the reaction and mass transport calculations. [31][32][33][34] On the other hand, simplified models, such as the method of moments, and simple equilibrium calculations have been also used to describe the behavior of these simpler systems. [35][36][37] To the best of our knowledge, the modeling of copolymerization kinetics, molar mass development, and gel fraction evolution for vinyl/divinyl monomers in the presence of RDRP controllers, in scCO 2 , has not been addressed or has been addressed assuming a single phase situation. [38] In this contribution, we use a multifunctional polymer molecule approach developed in our group, [39] along with a simple partition of the main components in the scCO 2 -rich and polymer-rich phases, to model the RAFT copolymerization with crosslinking of vinyl/divinyl monomers in scCO 2 . The resulting model represents a RAFT dispersion copolymerization (with crosslinking) process and it could very well describe a process where scCO 2 is replaced by water or any other appropriate solvent as the continuous phase. The model is validated by comparing calculated and experimental profiles of conversion versus time, number and weight average molar masses versus conversion, gel fraction and swelling index versus conversion and copolymer composition versus conversion for the RAFT copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in scCO 2 . The experimental data used for model validation purposes was generated in our laboratory. [23] RAFT Copolymerization A kinetic model for the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide, using a multifunctional approach for polymer network formation, is presented. The process is assumed to proceed as a dispersion polymerization in three stages, with two phases: CO 2 -and polymer-rich phases. A simple model for partit...

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Superabsorbent hydrogel composites and nanocomposites: A review

Cited by 394 publications

References 135 publications

Enhanced Absorbent Products Incorporating Cellulose and Its Derivatives: A Review

Enhanced Absorbent Products Incorporating Cellulose and Its Derivatives: A Review

3D printing of hydrogel composite systems: Recent advances in technology for tissue engineering

Modeling of RAFT Copolymerization with Crosslinking of Styrene/Divinylbenzene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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