Super-tough PVC/CPE composites: an efficient CPE network by an MGA copolymer prepared through a vibro-milling process

Wang, Tao; Li, Xuejian; Xiong, Ying; Guo, Shaoyun

doi:10.1039/d0ra08980j

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…PVC shows solvated regions, which are flexible due to the presence of a plasticizer and non-solvated crystalline areas. The PVC crystallite network structure has an impact on the toughness and strength and is responsible for the variation of PVC properties [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Photostabilization Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

et al. 2021

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The photooxidative degradation process of plastics caused by ultraviolet irradiation leads to bond breaking, crosslinking, the elimination of volatiles, formation of free radicals, and decreases in weight and molecular weight. Photodegradation deteriorates both the mechanical and physical properties of plastics and affects their predicted life use, in particular for applications in harsh environments. Plastics have many benefits, while on the other hand, they have numerous disadvantages, such as photodegradation and photooxidation in harsh environments and the release of toxic substances due to the leaching of some components, which have a negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, attention is paid to the design and use of safe, plastic, ultraviolet stabilizers that do not pose a danger to the environment if released. Plastic ultraviolet photostabilizers act as efficient light screeners (absorbers or pigments), excited-state deactivators (quenchers), hydroperoxide decomposers, and radical scavengers. Ultraviolet absorbers are cheap to produce, can be used in low concentrations, mix well with polymers to produce a homogenous matrix, and do not alter the color of polymers. Recently, polyphosphates, Schiff bases, and organometallic complexes were synthesized and used as potential ultraviolet absorbers for polymeric materials. They reduced the damage caused by accelerated and natural ultraviolet aging, which was confirmed by inspecting the surface morphology of irradiated polymeric films. For example, atomic force microscopy revealed that the roughness factor of polymers’ irradiated surfaces was improved significantly in the presence of ultraviolet absorbers. In addition, the investigation of the surface of irradiated polymers using scanning electron microscopy showed a high degree of homogeneity and the appearance of pores that were different in size and shape. The current work surveys for the first time the use of newly synthesized, ultraviolet absorbers as additives to enhance the photostability of polymeric materials and, in particular, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, based mainly on our own recent work in the field.

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Section: Photostabilization Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

et al. 2021

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“…The toughening mechanism of PVC/CPE is shown in Figure 10. It is well known that PVC/CPE blends are considered as a network two phase structure according to literature report and its toughening effect depends on the integrity of CPE network 20–22 . Only enough CPE added into PVC can form a complete CPE network structure and coats PVC primary particles to achieve toughening effect 23 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that PVC/CPE blends are considered as a network two phase structure according to literature report and its toughening effect depends on the integrity of CPE network. [20][21][22] Only enough CPE added into PVC can form a complete CPE network structure and coats PVC primary particles to achieve toughening effect. 23 When the sample is impacted, PVC primary particles and CPE network deforms to form shear band, absorbing a large amount of impact energy.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of toughening effects of several common toughening agents and polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer on polyvinyl chloride

Wang

Zhang

Chen³

2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, different toughening agents such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), acrylonitrile–styrene‐acrylate (ASA) terpolymer, acrylic modifier (ACR, the main component is poly(methyl methacrylate‐butyl acrylate)) and polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (PC‐b‐PDMS) were used to toughen polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Different content toughening agents (10 and 20 phr) were added into PVC and their properties were tested. The results exhibited that ACR, ASA, and PC‐b‐PDMS‐40 (40% PDMS content) had high impact strength (more than 100 kJ m−2) at room temperature. With the decrease of temperature, the toughening effect of ACR and ASA dropped significantly (7.30 and 3.69 kJ m−2 at −30°C respectively), while PC‐b‐PDMS‐40 still had certain toughening effect (19.66 kJ m−2 at −30°C). The tensile and flexural strength of blends decreased with the addition of toughening agents, while due to strong interactions between PC and PVC, elongation at break of PVC/PC‐b‐PDMS also have obvious drop. Heat distortion temperature results showed that the heat resistance of PVC was not reduced by toughening agents except CPE. The DMTA curves of blends revealed the reason why PVC/PC‐b‐PDMS‐40 had good toughness at low temperature that the glass transition temperature of PDMS is very low (−123°C), which makes it flexible at low temperature.

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“…Rubber/elastomers can be divided into traditional rubber/elastomers modifiers and core–shell structure modifiers 3 . Traditional rubber/elastomers modifiers, such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer, nitrile butadiene rubber and thermoplastic polyurethanes, can form a continuous network structure and wrap the PVC primary particles inside 4–7 . When the PVC is impacted, this structure and the broken PVC primary particles are able to absorb most of the impact energy, which improves the toughness of PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Traditional rubber/elastomers modifiers, such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, nitrile butadiene rubber and thermoplastic polyurethanes, can form a continuous network structure and wrap the PVC primary particles inside. [4][5][6][7] When the PVC is impacted, this structure and the broken PVC primary particles are able to absorb most of the impact energy, which improves the toughness of PVC. Another toughening mechanism is that rubber/elastomers form sea-island structure in PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent toughness of rigid polyvinylchloride at low temperature improved by polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) is widely used in various fields, but its low impact strength at low temperature limits its deep application in some cold regions. This work utilizes polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (PC‐b‐PDMS) to toughen PVC. PDMS segment has extremely low glass transition temperature (−126°C) and PC segment has a good compatibility with PVC, which proved by the Fourier transform infrared and dynamic mechanical thermal results. For verifying toughening effect of PC‐b‐PDMS, the impact behavior at 23°C, 0°C and −30°C of PVC/PC‐b‐PDMS blends is investigated. The impact strength of modified PVC increases from 2.09 to 95.00 kJ·m−2 at 23°C, and the significant brittle‐ductile transition occurs at 10 phr PC‐b‐PDMS. At −30°C, 25 phr PC‐b‐PDMS makes brittle‐ductile transition appear and impact strength increased by 17 times. According to impact‐fractured morphology, PDMS acts as stress concentrator in PVC/PC‐b‐PDMS and produces a lot of cavities, crazes, and shear bands to consume impact energy, exhibiting good toughening effect. Overall, the PC‐b‐PDMS with excellent toughening effect is a promising alternative to traditional toughening agents, showing great promising application prospects in low‐temperature toughening of the rigid PVC products.

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Super-tough PVC/CPE composites: an efficient CPE network by an MGA copolymer prepared through a vibro-milling process

Abstract: Vibro-milling, a solid-phase mechanochemistry method, was used to prepare an amphiphilic composite particle, which is referred to as MGA.

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

Modifications of Polymers through the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbers to Reduce the Aging Effect of Accelerated and Natural Irradiation

Comparison of toughening effects of several common toughening agents and polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer on polyvinyl chloride

Excellent toughness of rigid polyvinylchloride at low temperature improved by polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer

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