Super-spreaders: a historical review

Teicher, Amir

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00183-4

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…However, it is important to note that most viruses can be transmitted before symptoms appear, and some infected individuals may remain asymptomatic throughout the course of the infection. Furthermore, evidence suggests that a small number of individuals contribute to the majority of infection spread, as observed in super-spreading events ( 198 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review

Andrup,

Krogfelt,

Stephansen

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveChildren who start in day-care have 2–4 times as many respiratory infections compared to children who are cared for at home, and day-care staff are among the employees with the highest absenteeism. The extensive new knowledge that has been generated in the COVID-19 era should be used in the prevention measures we prioritize. The purpose of this narrative review is to answer the questions: Which respiratory viruses are the most significant in day-care centers and similar indoor environments? What do we know about the transmission route of these viruses? What evidence is there for the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical prevention measures?DesignLiterature searches with different terms related to respiratory infections in humans, mitigation strategies, viral transmission mechanisms, and with special focus on day-care, kindergarten or child nurseries, were conducted in PubMed database and Web of Science. Searches with each of the main viruses in combination with transmission, infectivity, and infectious spread were conducted separately supplemented through the references of articles that were retrieved.ResultsFive viruses were found to be responsible for ≈95% of respiratory infections: rhinovirus, (RV), influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronavirus (CoV), and adenovirus (AdV). Novel research, emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggests that most respiratory viruses are primarily transmitted in an airborne manner carried by aerosols (microdroplets).ConclusionSince airborne transmission is dominant for the most common respiratory viruses, the most important preventive measures consist of better indoor air quality that reduces viral concentrations and viability by appropriate ventilation strategies. Furthermore, control of the relative humidity and temperature, which ensures optimal respiratory functionality and, together with low resident density (or mask use) and increased time outdoors, can reduce the occurrence of respiratory infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%