“…The proposed prescription enjoys a number of required properties and leads to results which agree with those obtained in the RNS formalism [9] [14] [15].…”
Section: Rudiments Of Pure Spinor Formalismsupporting
confidence: 56%
“…The central idea of the pure spinor formalism proposed by Berkovits [9] is that the physical states of superstring can be described as the elements of the cohomology of a BRST-like operator Q given by 2 1) where λ α is a 16-component bosonic chiral spinor satisfying the pure spinor constraints 2) and d α is the spinor covariant derivative given in our convention 3 by…”
Section: Rudiments Of Pure Spinor Formalismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[dz]V 0 (z), needed for the calculation of n-point amplitudes with n ≥ 4, is characterized by QV 0 = ∂U 0 and was constructed to be of the form [9] [3]…”
Section: Rudiments Of Pure Spinor Formalismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is useful to note that B can be written as 9) which follows from the property B 2 = 1. Then, it is easy to see that…”
Section: Explicit Construction Of S and Problem With Pure Spinor Consmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…About three years ago, following earlier attempts [3,4,5,6,7,8], Berkovits initiated a new formalism [9] based on the concept of pure spinor (PS) [10,11,12], which is super-Poincaré covariant and posesses a number of remarkable features. The formalism is based on free fields, which form a conformal field theory (CFT) with vanishing central charge.…”
Based on a novel first class algebra, we develop an extension of the pure spinor (PS) formalism of Berkovits, in which the PS constraints are removed. By using the homological perturbation theory in an essential way, the BRST-like charge Q of the conventional PS formalism is promoted to a bona fide nilpotent chargeQ, the cohomology of which is equivalent to the constrained cohomology of Q. This construction requires only a minimum number (five) of additional fermionic ghost-antighost pairs and the vertex operators for the massless modes of open string are obtained in a systematic way. Furthermore, we present a simple composite "b-ghost" field B(z) which realizes the important relation T (z) = {Q, B(z)}, with T (z) the Virasoro operator, and apply it to facilitate the construction of the integrated vertex. The present formalism utilizes U(5) parametrization and the manifest Lorentz covariance is yet to be achieved. †
“…The proposed prescription enjoys a number of required properties and leads to results which agree with those obtained in the RNS formalism [9] [14] [15].…”
Section: Rudiments Of Pure Spinor Formalismsupporting
confidence: 56%
“…The central idea of the pure spinor formalism proposed by Berkovits [9] is that the physical states of superstring can be described as the elements of the cohomology of a BRST-like operator Q given by 2 1) where λ α is a 16-component bosonic chiral spinor satisfying the pure spinor constraints 2) and d α is the spinor covariant derivative given in our convention 3 by…”
Section: Rudiments Of Pure Spinor Formalismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[dz]V 0 (z), needed for the calculation of n-point amplitudes with n ≥ 4, is characterized by QV 0 = ∂U 0 and was constructed to be of the form [9] [3]…”
Section: Rudiments Of Pure Spinor Formalismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is useful to note that B can be written as 9) which follows from the property B 2 = 1. Then, it is easy to see that…”
Section: Explicit Construction Of S and Problem With Pure Spinor Consmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…About three years ago, following earlier attempts [3,4,5,6,7,8], Berkovits initiated a new formalism [9] based on the concept of pure spinor (PS) [10,11,12], which is super-Poincaré covariant and posesses a number of remarkable features. The formalism is based on free fields, which form a conformal field theory (CFT) with vanishing central charge.…”
Based on a novel first class algebra, we develop an extension of the pure spinor (PS) formalism of Berkovits, in which the PS constraints are removed. By using the homological perturbation theory in an essential way, the BRST-like charge Q of the conventional PS formalism is promoted to a bona fide nilpotent chargeQ, the cohomology of which is equivalent to the constrained cohomology of Q. This construction requires only a minimum number (five) of additional fermionic ghost-antighost pairs and the vertex operators for the massless modes of open string are obtained in a systematic way. Furthermore, we present a simple composite "b-ghost" field B(z) which realizes the important relation T (z) = {Q, B(z)}, with T (z) the Virasoro operator, and apply it to facilitate the construction of the integrated vertex. The present formalism utilizes U(5) parametrization and the manifest Lorentz covariance is yet to be achieved. †
Under UV light, vinyl acetate (VAc) was grafted onto polyurethane (PU) elastomer membrane, using benzoyl peroxide as photoinitiator. After surface alcoholysis reaction, hydroscopic hydroxyl formed on the surface of PU, and under catalysis of MgCl 2 , the antistatic agent combined with hydroxyl by chemical linkage, so that the antistatic durability of PU improved. The ATR-FTIR spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and SEM characterized the grafted copolymers and verified the occurrence of grafting copolymerization. The effect of grafting degree of VAc on the antistatic ability of PU surface was also investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that after modification the surface electric resistivity of PU elastomer reached the nearly 10 8 ⍀ class, with little change in spite of a washing-fastness experiment, although its mechanical ability was slightly decreased.
The first words of thanks I extend to my thesis advisor, Alexander Sevrin, for five years of fruitful cooperation before and during the work on my Ph.D. thesis, for encouragement when the flood of string theory was overwhelming at times, for his contagious enthusiasm, fail-safe support and for proofreading the manuscript. Further thanks goes to the members of my jury: Professors J.
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