Super-Planckian Electron Cooling in a van der Waals Stack

Principi, Alessandro; Lundeberg, Mark B.; Hesp, Niels C. H.; Tielrooij, Klaas‐Jan; Koppens, Frank H. L.; Polini, Marco

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.126804

Cited by 45 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…The temperature peak shifts up to 50% of the way to the contact, making this phenomenon a potential experimental signature of hydrodynamic heat transport. In both scenarios, we also present results where phonon-polaritons are included as an extrinsic cooling mechanism [58][59][60], to show that our predictions should be observable under realistic conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since heat transfer to the graphene lattice is so slow in high-quality 2D heterostructures, the phonon-polaritons of the hBN encapsulant [69,70] have been shown to represent the main cooling pathway [58][59][60]. These Fabry-Perot-like modes, propagating in the "cavity" formed by the hBN slabs, cluster around 100 and 200 meV (the so-called "Reststrahlen bands").…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Photoenergy Harvesting and Extreme Thomson Effect in Hydrodynamic Electronic Systems

2019

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The thermoelectric (TE) properties of a material are dramatically altered when electron-electron interactions become the dominant scattering mechanism. In the degenerate hydrodynamic regime, the thermal conductivity is reduced and becomes a decreasing function of the electronic temperature, due to a violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law. We here show how this peculiar temperature dependence gives rise to new striking TE phenomena. These include an 80-fold increase in TE efficiency compared to the WF regime, dramatic qualitative changes in the steady state temperature profile, and an anomalously large Thomson effect. In graphene, which we pay special attention to here, these effects are further amplified due to a doubling of the thermopower. arXiv:1806.09627v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Photoenergy Harvesting and Extreme Thomson Effect in Hydrodynamic Electronic Systems

2019

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“…">1.Isotropic parabolic dispersion: Except for monolayer graphene, isotropic parabolic dispersion covers most naturally occurring cases. The specific case of graphene has been dealt in detail in the literature …”

Section: Coupling Between Graphene and Hyperbolic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the Reststrahlen (RS) bands (which roughly corresponds to the optical phonon modes) hyperbolic materials sustain long‐distance propagating hyperbolic phonon‐polariton (HPhP) modes that can carry a large momentum . When the 2D channel becomes coupled to the HPhP modes (through their evanescent field), the whole density of states can be used to radiate power: this is the so‐called super‐Planckian regime . The enhancement of the radiated power as compared to the regular blackbody can reach up to 5 decades and is not limited by hot phonon effects thanks to the relatively long propagation length of HPhP modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbolic Phonon Polariton Electroluminescence as an Electronic Cooling Pathway

Baudin

Voisin

Plaçais

2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Engineering of the cooling mechanism is of primary importance for the development of nanoelectronics. While radiation cooling is rather inefficient in current electronic devices, the strong anisotropy of 2D materials allows for enhanced efficiency because their hyperbolic electromagnetic dispersion near phonon resonances allows them to sustain much larger (≈105) number of radiating channels. In this review, radiation cooling in 2D materials is addressed. The hyperbolic dispersion of electromagnetic waves is presented, and how the spontaneous fluctuations in current in a 2D electronic channel can radiate thermal energy in its hyperbolic surrounding medium is described. Both the regime of thermal current fluctuations and out‐of‐equilibrium current fluctuations can be described within the same framework leading to superPlanckian thermal emission and electroluminescent cooling. A recent experimental investigation on graphene‐on‐hBN transistors using electronic noise thermometry is discussed. In high mobility semimetal‐like graphene at large bias, a steady‐state out‐of‐equilibrium situation is caused by Zener tunneling of electrons, opening a route for electroluminescence of hyperbolic electromagnetic modes. Electroluminescent cooling is particularly prominent once the Zener tunneling regime is reached: observed cooling powers are nine orders of magnitude larger than in conventional LEDs.

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“…A similar analysis for the radiative heat transfer between graphene and a hyperbolic material has been carried out by Principi et. al.,[17] where they observe thermalization in picosecond timescales. In this paper we model the dynamic heat transfer contribution from coupling of surface modes across two dielectric planar surfaces…”

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Dynamic near-field heat transfer between macroscopic bodies for nanometric gaps

Sasihithlu

Agarwal

2018

Nanophotonics

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The dynamic heat transfer between two half-spaces separated by a vacuum gap due to coupling of their surface modes is modelled using the theory that describes the dynamic energy transfer between two coupled harmonic oscillators each separately connected to a heat bath and with the heat baths maintained at different temperatures. The theory is applied for the case when the two surfaces are made up of a polar crystal which supports surface polaritons that can be excited at room temperature and the predicted heat transfer is compared with the steady state heat transfer value calculated from standard fluctuational electrodynamics theory. It is observed that for small time intervals the value of heat flux can be significantly higher than that of steady state value.The theory of photon mediated heat transfer between macroscopic objects in close proximity to each other and separated by a vacuum gap has traditionally been treated using the macroscopic Rytov's fluctuational electrodynamics theory which assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium in the bodies in question [1][2][3][4]. This heat transfer comprises of contributions from both long-range radiative modes as well as near-field evanescent and surface modes [4,5]. When thermally excited, contributions from surface modes -which are electromagnetic eigenmodes of the surface and are characterized by their field decaying exponentially on either side of the interface -dominate the heat transfer between the surfaces when the gap is less than the thermal wavelength of radiation. This is primarily due to a peak in the density of electromagnetic states at such frequencies where these surface modes are resonantly activated as evidenced from the dispersion relation for these modes [4]. In particular, for this effect to be prominent at room temperature the surfaces should be made up of a polar crystal such as silicon carbide or silica which supports surface-phonon polariton modes in the infra-red wavelength around 10 µm and can thus be thermally excited at these temperatures.In general, resonant excitation of surface modes plays an important role in several phenomena and applications including: decreased lifetime of molecules close to metal surfaces [6], surface enhanced raman spectroscopy [7], thermal near-field spectroscopy [8,9], concept of perfect lens [10] and thermal rectification [11]. The study of coupling of surface modes across surfaces is significant as it not only plays an important role in heat transfer but also in the van der Waals and Casimir force between them [12,13]. A coupled harmonic oscillator description for the heat transfer between nanoparticles due to coupling of surface modes was arrived at by Biehs and Agarwal [14] and estimates for both dynamic and steady state heat transfer values were arrived at. Barton [15] has considered the heat flow between two harmonic oscillators using Langevin dynamics and has extended this model to planar surfaces but has limited his description to the steady-state heat flow. Yu et. al.,[16] have recently analysed the dynam...

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Super-Planckian Electron Cooling in a van der Waals Stack

Cited by 45 publications

References 49 publications

Enhanced Photoenergy Harvesting and Extreme Thomson Effect in Hydrodynamic Electronic Systems

Enhanced Photoenergy Harvesting and Extreme Thomson Effect in Hydrodynamic Electronic Systems

Hyperbolic Phonon Polariton Electroluminescence as an Electronic Cooling Pathway

Dynamic near-field heat transfer between macroscopic bodies for nanometric gaps

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