Super Memory Bros.: Going from mirror patterns to concordant patterns via similarity enhancements

Ozubko, Jason D.; Joordens, Steve

doi:10.3758/mc.36.8.1391

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, differences in recollection and familiarity have been proposed as the bases of the mirror pattern for word frequency (Joordens & Hockley, 2000;Reder et al, 2000). Ozubko and Joordens (2008) manipulated the distinctiveness and similarity of video-game-type novel characters. They found a mirror effect pattern when recognition of more distinctive, less similar characters was contrasted with less distinctive, more similar items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking a shady mirror effect: Recognition of normal versus obscured faces

Vokey

Hockley

2012

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hockley, Hemsworth, and Consoli (1999) found that following the study of normal faces, a recognition test of normal faces versus faces wearing sunglasses produced a mirror effect: The sunglasses manipulation decreased hit rates and increased false-alarm rates. The stimuli used by Hockley et al. (1999) consisted of separate poses of models wearing or not wearing sunglasses. In the current experiments, we separately manipulated same versus different depictions of individual faces and whether or not the faces were partially obscured. The results of a simulation and four experiments suggest that the test-based, mirror effect observed by Hockley et al. (1999) is actually two separable effects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking a shady mirror effect: Recognition of normal versus obscured faces

Vokey

Hockley

2012

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to overcompensation accounts, familiarity-based accounts presume that the increased hit and false-alarm rates do, in fact, reflect greater subjective familiarity to pseudowords than to words (Greene, 2004, 2007; Joordens et al, 2008; Ozubko & Joordens, 2008). This increased familiarity is due to the fact that pseudowords have impoverished semantics compared with words.…”

Section: Explanations Of the Pseudoword Effectmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Distinctive semantics can help differentiate orthographically similar words (e.g., horse vs. house ); thus, by lacking distinctive semantics, pseudowords are, on average, more similar to one another and less easy to differentiate than words (e.g., glawk vs. grawk ). This increased interitem similarity leads to enhanced subjective familiarity for pseudowords (Ozubko & Joordens, 2008) and, hence, boosts both hits and false alarms above those of words.…”

Section: Explanations Of the Pseudoword Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mirror effect has successfully earned its place as a regularity of recognition memory, as Greene (2007) pointed out, concordant effects are demonstrated across a wide range of manipulations as well. For example, Ozubko and Joordens (2008) showed that less distinctive/more visually similar video game characters gave rise to both a higher hit rate and and a higher false-alarm rate than more distinctive/less visually similar video game characters. Marks (1991) showed that orienting participants to the scene of a picture during encoding leads to an increase in hit and false-alarm rates compared with when participants are oriented to the physical characteristics of pictures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The similarities (and familiarities) of pseudowords and extremely high-frequency words: Examining a familiarity-based explanation of the pseudoword effect.

Ozubko¹,

Joordens²

2011

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pseudoword effect is the finding that pseudowords (i.e., rare words or pronounceable nonwords) give rise to more hits and false alarms than words. Using the retrieving effectively from memory (REM) model of recognition memory, we tested a familiarity-based account of the pseudoword effect: Specifically, the pseudoword effect arises because pseudowords lack distinctive semantic meanings. Because semantics can differentiate orthographically similar words (e.g., horse vs. house), by lacking distinctive semantics, pseudowords have greater interitem similarity than words, and hence more familiarity, which gives rise to the pseudoword effect. Across two sets of simulations, we demonstrate that this account explains the pseudoword effect in addition to accounting for why the pseudoword effect is absent when irregular nonwords are compared with words. Furthermore, our modeling efforts suggest a novel experiment that leads us to the discovery of a new concordant effect. Namely, extremely high-frequency words behave like pseudowords (giving rise to more hits and false alarms than high-frequency words) and also have less distinctive semantics than high-frequency words. We conclude that our work provides strong evidence in favor of the familiarity-based accounts of the pseudoword effect. We discuss the implications of our research with regard to various issues surrounding the pseudoword effect and REM model.

show abstract

“…For instance, explicit categorization tasks can be presented as "diagnoses" (Castro & Wasserman, 2007;Wasserman & Castro, 2005), and implicit categorization tasks can be presented as the detection of "secret code words" embedded in artificial grammars (Sallas, Mathews, Lane, & Sun, 2007). Causal reasoning has been presented as a scientist uncovering the workings of a "black box" with light rays and atoms (Johnson & Krems, 2001), or using electrical circuits (Johnson & Mayer, 2010), or many other back stories (Dixon & Banghert, 2004;Dixon & Dohn, 2003;Ozubko & Joordens, 2008;Stephen, Boncoddo, Magnuson, & Dixon, 2009). The detection and prediction of change has been investigated in a "tomato processing factory" (Brown & Steyvers, 2009).…”

Section: Gaming-up Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamelike features might not improve data

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many psychological experiments require participants to complete lots of trials in a monotonous task, which often induces boredom. An increasingly popular approach to alleviate such boredom is to incorporate gamelike features into standard experimental tasks. Games are assumed to be interesting and, hence, motivating, and better motivated participants might produce better data (with fewer lapses in attention and greater accuracy). Despite its apparent prevalence, the assumption that gamelike features improve data is almost completely untested. We test this assumption by presenting a choice task and a change detection task in both gamelike and standard forms. Response latency, accuracy, and overall task performance were unchanged by gamelike features in both experiments. We present a novel cognitive model for the choice task, based on particle filtering, to decorrelate the dependent variables and measure performance in a more psychologically meaningful manner. The model-based analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that gamelike features did not alter cognition. A postexperimental questionnaire indicated that the gamelike version provided a more positive and enjoyable experience for participants than the standard task, even though this subjective experience did not translate into data effects. Although our results hold only for the two experiments examined, the gamelike features we incorporated into both tasks were typical of-and at least as salient and interesting as those usually used by-experimental psychologists. Our results suggest that modifying an experiment to include gamelike features, while leaving the basic task unchanged, may not improve the quality of the data collected, but it may provide participants with a better experimental experience.

show abstract

Super Memory Bros.: Going from mirror patterns to concordant patterns via similarity enhancements

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Unmasking a shady mirror effect: Recognition of normal versus obscured faces

Unmasking a shady mirror effect: Recognition of normal versus obscured faces

The similarities (and familiarities) of pseudowords and extremely high-frequency words: Examining a familiarity-based explanation of the pseudoword effect.

Gamelike features might not improve data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About