“…With the recent rapid advances in computer and image sensor technologies, many high frame rate (HFR) vision systems that can capture and process images simultaneously at thousands of frames per second have been developed [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]; many tracking algorithms, such as optical flow estimation [ 6 , 7 ], cam-shift tracking [ 8 ], and feature-point tracking [ 9 ], have been accelerated by the parallel implementation of these algorithms on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and graphics processing units. These HFR vision systems can have a large bandwidth that can simultaneously recognize high-speed phenomena, which are too fast to be recognized by the naked human eyes and standard video cameras operating at dozens of frames per second.…”