Super high removal capacities of heavy metals (Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ) using CNT dendrimer

Recent Advances in Applications of Hybrid Graphene Materials for Metals Removal from Wastewater

“…For example the adsorption capacity for chitosan (85 mg/g) [73], DTPA-chitosan/alginate composite beads (107 mg/g) [32], iminodiacetate ion exchanger (145 mg/g) [158], mixed adsorbents (238 mg/g) [159], poly-dopamine coated natural zeolite (28 mg/g) all with lower capacities than the 300+ mg/g capacity of the majority of graphene-based adsorbents shown in Table 7. The exception is the "superadsorbent" PAMAM CNT-dendrimers with a super-capacity of 3333 mg/g [160]. L: Langmuir, F: Freundlich, R-P: Redlich-Peterson, T: Temkin, MO: Metal Oxide, P: Polymer, O: Organic.…”

Review of Heavy Metal Adsorption Processes by Several Organic Matters from Wastewaters

“…However, the synthesized sorbents like modified zeolites, polymeric and composite materials, ionic hybrids and different resins (functionalized or not) have a higher fabrication cost, but instead possess very good sorption capacities, high selectivity, and also good reusability capacities [61,62]. Although the majority of the studies regarding heavy metal separations by PIMs are membrane transport processes, a few studies reported the sorption of some heavy metals on PIMs, such as: Cd(II) and Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) [13,63,64]. Moreover, the membrane characterization study highlights that the Aliquat 336 also acts as a plasticizer of the PVC polymer matrix [64].…”

“…Although the majority of the studies regarding heavy metal separations by PIMs are membrane transport processes, a few studies reported the sorption of some heavy metals on PIMs, such as: Cd(II) and Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) [13,63,64]. Moreover, the membrane characterization study highlights that the Aliquat 336 also acts as a plasticizer of the PVC polymer matrix [64]. Thus the sorption processes are widely used for the heavy metal removal, both because these methods are easy to handle, and because they allow the use of a plethora of natural and synthetic sorbents [65].…”

“…Heavy metal ions, except copper ions, mean biosorption energy which could be calculated using the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The biosorption of Se 4+ and Sb 3+ ions onto a biomass was determined by an ion exchange mechanism [64,66]. Biomass is caused by interactions between metal ions and functional groups, such as carboxyl groups, on the surface of the bioadsorbent.…”

A novel indole-based conjugated microporous polymer for highly effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution via double cation–π interactions

“…16,17 Among these approaches, adsorption is found to be the most attractive due to its advantages of relative simplicity, easy scale-up and high efficiency over a wide concentration range. 18,19 Developing novel efficient, economical, green and environment-friendly adsorbents for heavy metal ions has been considered as an effective way to mitigate the deterioration of the environment. [20][21][22][23] Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have many specic features such as large surface area, high porosity, adjustable pore size, thermal and chemical stability, showing great advantage in removal of heavy metals.…”