Super Formula for Diagnosing Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Using Soluble C-Type Lectin-like Receptor 2

Abstract

The scoring systems for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) criteria require several adequate cutoff values, vary, and are complicated. Accordingly, a simpler and quicker diagnostic method for DIC is needed. Under such circumstances, soluble C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (sCLEC-2) received attention as a biomarker for platelet activation. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic usefulness of sCLEC-2 and several formulas, including sCLEC-2xD-dimer, sCLEC-2/platelet count (sCLEC-2/PLT), and sCLEC-2/PLT × D-dimer (sCLEC-2xD-dimer/PLT), were evaluated among 38 patients with DIC, 39 patients with pre-DIC and 222 patients without DIC or pre-DIC (non-DIC). Results: Although the plasma level of sCLEC-2 alone was not a strong biomarker for the diagnosis of DIC or pre-DIC, the sCLEC-2xD-dimer/PLT values in patients with DIC were significantly higher than those in patients without DIC, and in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the diagnosis of DIC, sCLEC-2xD-dimer/PLT showed the highest AUC, sensitivity, and odds ratio. This formula is useful for the diagnosis of both pre-DIC and DIC. sCLEC-2xD-dimer/PLT values were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Conclusion: The sCLEC-2xD-dimer/PLT formula is simple, easy, and highly useful for the diagnosis of DIC and pre-DIC without the use of a scoring system.

What Does Soluble C-Type Lectin-like Receptor 2 (sCLEC-2) × D-Dimer/Platelet (PLT) (sCLEC-2 × D-Dimer/PLT) Mean for Coagulation/Fibrinolysis Conditions? Comment on Yamamoto et al. Super Formula for Diagnosing Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Using Soluble C-Type Lectin-like Receptor 2. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2299

“…I read with great interest the article by Akitaka Yamamoto et al that was recently published in Diagnostics [ 1 ]. I congratulate the authors for their work, which contributes to the early diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or pre-DIC using soluble C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (sCLEC-2), a novel platelet activation biomarker.…”

“…My research group also previously reported the clinical utility of sCLEC-2 measurement for the diagnosis of sepsis-induced DIC (SID) [ 2 ]. I would like to offer the following remarks on the report by Yamamoto et al [ 1 ] regarding the relationship between sCLEC-2 concentrations and patients with DIC.…”

Super Formula for Soluble C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor 2 × D-Dimer in Patients With Acute Cerebral Infarction

“… 25 The super formula of the sCLEC-2 × D-dimer/platelet count also increases the diagnostic ability of DIC and pre-DIC. 31 These findings suggest that the super formula of the sCLEC-2 × D-dimer can diagnose both platelet activation and hypercoagulability. Several formulae have been developed for diagnosing thrombosis; the sCLEC-2 × D-dimer formula may indicate the activation of coagulation, platelets, and fibrinolysis; the sCLEC-2/PLT ratio may indicate platelet activation and consumption but does not indicate coagulation and fibrinolysis; the sCLEC-2 × D-dimer/PLT formula includes the activation of coagulation, platelets, and fibrinolysis with the consumption of clotting factors 48 , 49 ; and the sCLEC-2/D-dimer ratio may be useful for making the differential diagnosis between arterial and venous thrombosis.…”

“… 46 Although the sCLEC-2/PLT ratio was useful in patients with thrombocytopenia, this ratio was not superior to sCLEC-2 alone in this study without thrombocytopenia. Similarly, the sCLEC-2 × D-dimer/PLT formula was useful for diagnosing DIC 31 ; however, this formula was not more useful than the sCLEC-2 × D-dimer formula in patients without thrombocytopenia.…”

“… 29 , 30 The super formula of sCLEC-2 × D-dimer was recently reported to increase the diagnostic ability for DIC. 31 …”