Super Critical Fluid Extracted Fatty Acids from Withania somnifera Seeds Repair Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions and Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) Release

Abstract

(1) Background: Withania somnifera Dunal (Ashwagandha) is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional medicinal systems with extensive research on various plant parts. Surprisingly, seeds of W. somnifera have never been investigated for their therapeutic potential. (2) Methods: W. somnifera seeds were extracted for fatty acids (WSSO) using super critical fluid extraction, and was analyzed by gas chromatography. Its therapeutic potential in psoriasis-like skin etiologies was investigated using a 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced psoriatic mouse model. Psoriatic inflammation along with psoriatic lesions and histopathological scores were recorded. WSSO was also tested on murine macrophage (RAW264.7), human epidermoid (A431), and monocytic (THP-1) cells, stimulated with TPA or lipo poly-saccharide (LPS) to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) release. NFκB promoter activity was also measured by luciferase reporter assay. (3) Results: Topical application of WSSO with concurrent oral doses significantly reduced inflammation-induced edema, and repaired psoriatic lesions and associated histopathological scores. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines release was observed in WSSO-treated A431 and THP-1 cells, along with reduced NFκB expression. WSSO also inhibited reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. (4) Conclusion: Here we show that the fatty acids from W. somnifera seeds have strong anti-inflammatory properties, along with remarkable therapeutic potential on psoriasis-like skin etiologies.

Supercritical Fluid Extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Seeds Mitigates Fertility Impairment in a Zebrafish Model

“…The Putrajeevak seeds were pulverized and made into a fine powder and mixed with food-grade liquid CO 2 . Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) was used in a supercritical extractor—the SFE 5000 Bio-Botanical Extraction System (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA) [ 23 ]. The extractor was equipped with a CO 2 recycler and the backflow pressure was maintained at 450/80 and 55/4 Bar/°C and a CO 2 flow rate of 60 g/min over a period of 820 min.…”

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Opportunity for Clinical Repurposing in COVID-19 Management

“…In such a scenario, WS may also be helpful to suppress IL-1β and IL-6 as evident in several models. WS aqueous extract along with fatty acids and withaferin A inhibited IL-6 and IL-1β released by monocytes, macrophages, and keratinocytes in vitro ( Balkrishna et al, 2020 ) ( Dubey et al, 2018 ) ( Neog et al, 2018 ) ( Sikandan et al, 2018 ). Withaferin A and WS aqueous extract significantly reduced serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 secreted by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages ( Morsy et al, 2019 ) ( Sultana etal., 2017 ) ( Noh et al, 2016 ) ( Kim et al, 2015 ) ( Khan et al, 2018 ).…”

Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition

“…Oral 7-MEGA TM 500 (a product containing more than 50% palmitoleic acid containing fish oil, omega-7) has been shown to relieve UV-B and H 2 O 2 -induced skin oxidative stress, inflammation, aging, and promotes skin regeneration in mice [126,127]. The fatty acids extracted from W. somnifera seeds have good anti-inflammatory effects and exert an enhanced effect on psoriasis by reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) [128]. The fermented fish oil protects skin aging by inhibiting PM 2.5 -induced ROS, MMP-s, and blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1) pathway [129].…”