The friction of rolling guideways in the prerolling region displays hysteretic behavior known as nonlinear spring behavior (NSB). NSB deteriorates motion accuracy and causes vibration in the feed direction. Therefore, the influences of NSB on the dynamic characteristics of rolling guideways should be clarified. This paper describes the influence of NSB on the dynamic characteristics of a rolling guideway. A simple friction model is constructed based on the Masing rule. Because the proposed friction model is described with only three parameters, the factor that inherently affects the dynamic characteristics can be clearly identified. To clarify the influence of NSB, the impulse response, frequency response, and steady state motion are analyzed by numerical analysis. According to the results, the dynamic characteristics in the feed direction depend only on the change rate of friction in the prerolling region, which is introduced to the friction model as the shape factor, n. The stiffness and damping are high when the change rate of friction is high in the prerolling region. The frequency response function is forcedependent, and its tendency is varied by n. The frequency response function includes harmonic and super harmonic resonances. When the carriage is excited with a frequency lower than that of the super harmonic resonance, a displacement spike (quadrant glitch) is observed. Additionally, the nonlinearity cannot be ignored when the carriage is excited with a frequency lower than the harmonic resonance. Finally, an experiment with a roller guideway is conducted to prove the validity of the analysis. The resonance frequency and compliance at the harmonic resonance measured by the experiment accurately conform to the analytical results.
IntroductionRolling guideways are widely used in machine tools because they can achieve high speed and precise motion at low cost. The rolling elements circulating inside of a carriage elastically support loads. The elastic deformation of rolling elements and raceways causes rigid-body vibration of a carriage in five degrees of freedom, excluding the feed direction (Ohta and Hayashi, 2000). Additionally, the circulation of rolling elements causes the rolling element passage vibration owing to the variations in stiffness (Matsumoto, 2004). Moreover, the nonlinear elastic behavior of friction causes vibration in the feed direction. This elastic behavior of friction is known as nonlinear spring behavior (NSB) (Otsuka and Masuda, 1998) (Futami et al., 1990) (Koizumi and Kuroda, 1990. These vibrations deteriorate the motion accuracy of a feed drive equipped with rolling guideways.NSB particularly causes the force dependency of the dynamic characteristics of a rolling guideway in the feed and pitch directions (Sakai et al., 2014). The cutting force varies periodically over a wide range during the machining process. Thus, the dynamic characteristics of a feed drive equipped with a rolling guideway vary throughout the machining process. This variation in dynamic characteristics ...