⁸⁹Zr Labeled Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ Nanoparticles: In Vitro Afffinities with Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract

In this study, Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized as a new Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) hybrid imaging agent and radiolabeled with 89Zr. In addition, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Df‐Bz‐NCS was used as bifunctional ligand. The nanoconjugates were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Radiolabeling yields were 100%. Breast and prostate cancer cell affinities and cytotoxicity were determined using in vitro cell culture assays. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles are promising for PET/MR imaging. Finally, unlike Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles showed a fluorescence spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 250 nm and an emission wavelength of 314 nm. Therefore, in addition to bearing the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles display fluorescence emission. This provides them with photodynamic therapy potential. Therefore multimodal treatment was performed with the combination of PDT and RT by using human prostate cancer cell line (PC3). The development of 89Zr‐Df‐Bz‐NCS‐Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles as a new multifunctional PET/MRI agent with photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia therapeutic ability would be very useful.

Synthesis and morphological studies of Tc‐99m‐labeled lupulone‐conjugated Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite, and in vitro cytotoxicity activity on prostate cancer cell lines

“…[ 22,26 ] However, the size of nanocomposites in this study was larger than that in our previous studies in which Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 core nanoparticles were radiolabeled with 89 Zr, due to silication and conjugation with lupulones instead of 89 Zr. [ 8 ]…”

“…Lipophilicity levels were determined similarly to our previous reports. [ 8 ] Briefly, 100‐μl aliquots of 99m Tc‐labeled conjugates were put into a test tube together with 300 μl of n ‐octanol and 300 μl of PBS. Subsequently, the mixture was vortexed for 1 min at room temperature and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 30 min.…”

“…[22,26] However, the size of nanocomposites in this study was larger than that in our previous studies in which Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 core nanoparticles were radiolabeled with 89 Zr, due to silication and conjugation with lupulones instead of 89 Zr. [8] Figure 7 presents FTIR spectra of nanocomposites and lupulone-conjugated Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 nanocomposites. In terms of the structure of lupulone-modified Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 nanocomposites, FTIR spectra showed O H and N H stretching vibrations at around 3324 cm À1 and an Fe O vibration at 585 cm À1 .…”

“…[7] This was investigated in a study where Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 nanoparticles were radiolabeled with 89 Zr using Df-Bz-NCS (1-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl) derivative of deferoxamine) to serve as a bifunctional chelating agent; the 89 Zr-labeled Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 nanoparticles were shown to be feasible as a PET/MRI hybrid imaging agent. [7,8] As a further application, Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 nanocomposites may be conjugated with lupulones. Lupulones are molecules extracted from hops, which have been mainly used in the brewing industry to give beer a sharp taste and aroma.…”

“…[ 7 ] This was investigated in a study where Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 nanoparticles were radiolabeled with 89 Zr using Df‐Bz‐NCS (1‐(4‐isothiocyanatophenyl) derivative of deferoxamine) to serve as a bifunctional chelating agent; the 89 Zr‐labeled Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 nanoparticles were shown to be feasible as a PET/MRI hybrid imaging agent. [ 7,8 ]…”