¹⁸F-Sodium Fluoride PET: History, Technical Feasibility, Mechanism of Action, Normal Biodistribution, and Diagnostic Performance in Bone Metastasis Detection Compared with Other Imaging Modalities

Abstract

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18F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

“…Historically, technetium-99m ( 99m Tc)-labeled phosphate-based bone tracers were widely adopted instead of 18 F-NaF for skeletal imaging and scintigraphy because they were better optimized for gamma cameras and had longer half-lives that allowed for easier storage and delivery. However, 18 F-NaF has experienced a renaissance as a result of advancements in modern PET scanners that better capture its incidence photons, the wide availability of PET/CT systems from the popularity of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) in oncological practices, a shortage of 99m Tc, and the development of an efficient method of production involving a single-step reaction in a cyclotron [ 9 , 10 ]. Furthermore, 18 F-NaF offers several advantages over 99m Tc-labeled agents.…”

Correlation Between the Prostate-Specific Antigen Level and Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer. (Retrospective Study)

“…Diagnosis of BM secondary to PCa changes patients' treatment significantly. Nowadays the gold standard for detection of (BM) is (BSs) (11). Diagnosis of (BM) with (PCa) patients is important in predicting prognosis, and detecting or preventing complications happened by progression of the disease.…”

Effects of administration route on uptake kinetics of 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography in mice

“…The short lived radioactive tracer 18 F-sodium fluoride ( 18 F-NaF) is a positron-emitting radiotracer widely used in skeletal imaging since the 1960s due to its high affinity for bone hydroxyapatite matrix 1 . 18 F-NaF has minimal protein binding allowing for fast soft-tissue clearance where nearly half of the injected radiotracer is taken up by the bones immediately after injection 2 , 3 .…”

“…18 F-NaF has minimal protein binding allowing for fast soft-tissue clearance where nearly half of the injected radiotracer is taken up by the bones immediately after injection 2 , 3 . The remaining radiotracer is rapidly cleared from plasma and excreted by the kidneys 1 . 18 F-NaF binds to areas of active bone formation, representing a marker of bone synthesis and blood flow 4 , 5 .…”

“…18 F-NaF binds to areas of active bone formation, representing a marker of bone synthesis and blood flow 4 , 5 . Bone deposition of this radiotracer occurs via chemisorption, in which the OH − ions in hydroxyapatite crystals are exchanged for 18 F − ions, converting hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite at sites of new bone formation 1 , 6 reflecting active mineralising bone not only at active skeletal lesions and bone metastasis but also importantly on sites with vascular microcalcification 7 , 8 .…”