14
 NH
 2
 /
 15
 NH
 2
 RATIO IN COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) OBSERVED DURING ITS OUTBURST IN 2013 NOVEMBER

Shinnaka, Yoshiharu; Kawakita, Hideyo; Kobayashi, Hitomi; Nagashima, M.; Boice, D. C.

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/782/2/l16

Cited by 68 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The 14 N/ 15 N values derived from the HCN emission at sub-millimetre range (323 ± 46, Jewitt et al 1997;330 ± 98 ) and other comets ), in NH 3 from NH 2 observations Shinnaka et al 2014b), in dust particles of comet 81P/Wild 2 collected by the Stardust mission (McKeegan et al 2006), in interplanetary dust particles IDPs (Floss et al 2006), and in the insoluble organic matter (IOM) in carbonaceous meteorites (Busemann et al 2006). So-called hotspots are regions that present strong isotopic enrichments relative to the surrounding material.…”

Section: Hcn and Cnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immediately after the first report another measurement was published, based on a highresolution (λ/ λ = 72000) spectrum obtained on comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) with the 8-m SUBARU telescope and the High Dispersion Spectrograph (Shinnaka et al 2014b). The measured value of 14 N/ 15 N = 139 ± 38 is consistent with the previous measurement, and confirms that ammonia in comets is highly fractionated in 15 N, comparably to CN and HCN.…”

Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cometary Isotopic Measurements

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Section: Hcn and Cnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cometary Isotopic Measurements

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“…Two recent measurements of 14 N/ 15 N in cometary NH 3 add to the growing dataset: 127 ± 32 (Rousselot et al 2014) using a summed spectrum of 12 comets, and 139 ± 38 (Shinnaka et al 2014) from the outburst of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON). These values are in good agreement with the HCN trend of heavy cometary values for 14 N/ 15 N.…”

Section: Nitrogen Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know a little bit more about the isotopic composition of comets, thanks to spectroscopic measurements of the D/H and N isotopes (Bockelée-Morvan et al 2008;Ceccarelli et al 2014;Hartogh et al 2011a;Manfroid et al 2009;Rousselot et al 2014;Shinnaka et al 2014;Altwegg et al 2015). As described in Sect.…”

Section: Asteroidal Versus Cometary Origin For Inner Planet Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atmospheres of Titan and of Mars are exceptions (Mandt et al 2015): for the Titan atmosphere, the enrichment in 15 N in N 2 (Niemann et al 2010) is attributed to contribution of 15 N-rich material akin of cometary amines and nitrides (Mandt et al 2014), whereas the enrichment in 15 N of the atmosphere of Mars is regarded as resulting from isotope-selective non-thermal escape processes (e.g., Bogard et al 2001). In contrast to inner solar system bodies, all comets analyzed so far present strong enrichments (factors of about 2) in 15 N in HCN (Bockelée-Morvan et al 2008;Manfroid et al 2009) and NH 3 (Rousselot et al 2014;Shinnaka et al 2014). Although N 2 has been detected by ROSINA DFMS in 67P/CG, its abundance was found to be depleted by a factor of ∼ 25.4 ± 8.9 relative to CO (Rubin et al 2015) and no isotope ratio has been measured.…”

Section: Asteroidal Versus Cometary Origin For Inner Planet Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraints from Comets on the Formation and Volatile Acquisition of the Planets and Satellites

et al. 2015

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Comets play a dual role in understanding the formation and evolution of the solar system. First, the composition of comets provides information about the origin of the giant planets and their moons because comets formed early and their composition is not expected to have evolved significantly since formation. They, therefore serve as a record of conditions during the early stages of solar system formation. Once comets had formed, their orbits were perturbed allowing them to travel into the inner solar system and impact the planets. In this way they contributed to the volatile inventory of planetary atmospheres. We review here how knowledge of comet composition up to the time of the Rosetta mission has contributed to understanding the formation processes of the giant planets, their moons and small icy bodies in the solar system. We also discuss how comets contributed to the volatile inventories of the giant and terrestrial planets.

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Titan's atmosphere and climate

2017

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Titan is the only moon with a substantial atmosphere, the only other thick N2 atmosphere besides Earth's, the site of extraordinarily complex atmospheric chemistry that far surpasses any other solar system atmosphere, and the only other solar system body with stable liquid currently on its surface. The connection between Titan's surface and atmosphere is also unique in our solar system; atmospheric chemistry produces materials that are deposited on the surface and subsequently altered by surface‐atmosphere interactions such as aeolian and fluvial processes resulting in the formation of extensive dune fields and expansive lakes and seas. Titan's atmosphere is favorable for organic haze formation, which combined with the presence of some oxygen‐bearing molecules indicates that Titan's atmosphere may produce molecules of prebiotic interest. The combination of organics and liquid, in the form of water in a subsurface ocean and methane/ethane in the surface lakes and seas, means that Titan may be the ideal place in the solar system to test ideas about habitability, prebiotic chemistry, and the ubiquity and diversity of life in the universe. The Cassini‐Huygens mission to the Saturn system has provided a wealth of new information allowing for study of Titan as a complex system. Here I review our current understanding of Titan's atmosphere and climate forged from the powerful combination of Earth‐based observations, remote sensing and in situ spacecraft measurements, laboratory experiments, and models. I conclude with some of our remaining unanswered questions as the incredible era of exploration with Cassini‐Huygens comes to an end.

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¹⁴ NH ₂ / ¹⁵ NH ₂ RATIO IN COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) OBSERVED DURING ITS OUTBURST IN 2013 NOVEMBER

Cited by 68 publications

References 18 publications

Cometary Isotopic Measurements

Cometary Isotopic Measurements

Constraints from Comets on the Formation and Volatile Acquisition of the Planets and Satellites

Titan's atmosphere and climate

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14 NH 2 / 15 NH 2 RATIO IN COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) OBSERVED DURING ITS OUTBURST IN 2013 NOVEMBER

Cited by 68 publications

References 18 publications

Cometary Isotopic Measurements

Cometary Isotopic Measurements

Constraints from Comets on the Formation and Volatile Acquisition of the Planets and Satellites

Titan's atmosphere and climate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

¹⁴ NH ₂ / ¹⁵ NH ₂ RATIO IN COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON) OBSERVED DURING ITS OUTBURST IN 2013 NOVEMBER