¹H NMR studies of urine during fasting: Excretion of ketone bodies and acetylcarnitine

Abstract

High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy has been applied to a study of urine from five normal human subjects during a 48-h period of fasting and for 22 h thereafter. The excretion rates of all three ketone bodies (acetoacetate, 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone), acetylcarnitine, creatinine, and sarcosine during this period were measured. Parallel increases in the excretion of the ketone bodies and acetylcarnitine were observed during fasting with little change in the output of creatinine and sarcosine.

Gender‐related and age‐related urinalysis of healthy subjects by NMR‐based metabonomics

“…Urinalysis by NMR spectroscopy has led to detailed investigation of human excretion patterns in various pathological conditions such as inborn errors of metabolism (12), organ transplantation (13), kidney dysfunction (14,15), diabetes mellitus (16), and renal damage caused by exposure to xenobiotics (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). NMR-based metabonomics in human urine has contributed to the investigation of excretion profiles in patients with multiple sclerosis (24), neurological disorders (25), and interstitial and bacterial cystitis (26).…”

Investigations into Biochemical Changes Due to Diurnal Variation and Estrus Cycle in Female Rats Using High-Resolution 1H NMR Spectroscopy of Urine and Pattern Recognition

“…In fact, NMR spectra are exquisitely sensitive to such changes and the subsequent use of PR may be diagnostic of biochemical perturbations whether of physiological or pathological origin. NMR-PR techniques have facilitated investigations into a range of physiological conditions such as fluid loading, water deprivation, and fasting (11)(12)(13). Within a laboratory environment many of the external influences that may cause variability, such as food intake, room temperature, and light intensity, can be controlled.…”

Evaluation of radiation injury by 1H and 31P NMR of human urine

“…Creatinine is generally accepted as a concentration reference (1, 15, 17, 18). This choice rests on a quite stable value of creatinine daily excretion for any particular individual (11,19) and on negligible reabsorption and secretion of creatinine in renal tubules (20). Creatinine is also a widely used marker of kidney function.…”