¹H NMR plasma metabolomic profiling of ovarian quiescence in energy balanced postpartum dairy cows

Abstract

As the milk production of dairy cows increases, the reproductive capacity gradually declines. Ovarian quiescence has become one of the concerns of the dairy industry. Objective: To explore the different plasma metabolite levels between estrus and anestrus in energy balanced (EB) dairy cows. Methods: Ten estrous and 10 anestrus EB Holstein cows in early lactation were selected for the study.1 H nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to detect plasma metabolites and screen different plasma metabolites between anestrous and estrous cows at 60-90 days postpartum using multivariate statistical analysis. Results: Within an elective waiting period of 60À90 days postpartum mean plasma concentration of total estrogens was significantly higher in estrus cows as compared to anestrus cows (71.2 ± 26.0 and 42.4 ± 16.7 pg/mL, respectively). Seven plasma metabolites (isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, arginine, choline and phosphatecholine) demonstrated significant decreases in estrous dairy cows relative to anestrous subjects. The main pathway was leucine, isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. Conclusion: Anestrus in dairy cows is accompanied by alterations in amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism based on 1 H NMR analysis.

Comparison of Metabolic Alterations in Serum and Milk Whey Between Inactive Ovaries and Estrus Dairy Cows

“…The sample handling was consistent with the 1 H-NMR sample handling method reported earlier ( 1 , 24 , 27 ). Serum samples were adjusted to 99.8% (v/v) D 2 O phosphate buffer solution containing 0.05% (w/v) total suspended particulate (TSP matter: 0.2 M Na 2 HPO, 0.2 M NaH 2 PO 4 , NaH 2 PO 4 ) at pH of 7.0 and centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was collected into a 5-mm nuclear magnetic tube for testing.…”

“…Method auxiliary identification of peak metabolites was performed on 1 H-NMR spectra. All integrated data were normalized and integrated to perform multivariate statistical analysis as described by Zhang et al ( 1 ) and Hongyou et al ( 32 ).…”

“…At present, there is a poor reproduction in dairy cows with high milk yield in intensive cattle farms in many countries ( 1 ). The genetic selection of high-yield dairy cows leads to the diversion of available nutrients toward milk synthesis and less to fertility and physiological processes ( 2 ).…”

“…Wei Xu used 1 H-NMR to identify 14 compounds in whey ( 27 ). Timothy DW used 1 H-NMR to identify 15 differential metabolites in 707 cows serum ( 28 ), and we have previously used 1 H-NMR to identify 32 compounds in the serum of ovarian quiescence cows ( 1 ). Milk should be used to screen biomarker or metabolic alteration of ovary diseases because of its convenience ( 29 ).…”

Metabolic alterations in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis after treatment with carboxymethyl chitosan‐loaded, reduced glutathione nanoparticles

“…30 Some biochemical index such as ALB, ALT, AST, and TP in the plasma might be used to assess the degree of abnormal liver function. 34,[43][44][45] The current study con- injected human recombinant FGF21 to improve the liver lipid metabolism of dairy cows showed that the NEFA content in the plasma of the uninjected control cows did not decrease within 8 days, which was significantly higher than that of the treatment group. Zang 49 added…”