¹H NMR-based metabolite profiling of diet-induced obesity in a mouse mode

Abstract

High-fat diets (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diets (HCD)- induced obesity through different pathways, but the metabolic differences between these diets are not fully understood. Therefore, we applied proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR)-based metabolomics to compare the metabolic patterns between C57BL/6 mice fed HCD and those fed HFD. Principal component analysis derived from (1)H NMR spectra of urine showed a clear separation between the HCD and HFD groups. Based on the changes in urinary metabolites, the slow rate of weight gain in mice fed the HCD related to activation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (resulting in increased levels of citrate and succinate in HCD mice), while the HFD affected nicotinamide metabolism (increased levels of 1-methylnicotineamide, nicotinamide-N-oxide in HFD mice), which leads to systemic oxidative stress. In addition, perturbation of gut microflora metabolism was also related to different metabolic patterns of those two diets. These findings demonstrate that (1)H NMR-based metabolomics can identify diet-dependent perturbations in biological pathways.

Distinct signatures of host–microbial meta-metabolome and gut microbiome in two C57BL/6 strains under high-fat diet

“…Many of these studies investigated the particular role of metabolites in inflammatory bowel diseases by using primarily NMR studies (Lin et al, 2011). Non-targeted metabolomics approaches in gut microbial sample matrices and liver, analysing changes occurring in metabolic diseases like obesity, are rarely given, but many studies addressed obesity-related metabolome characterization (Dumas et al, 2006;Williams et al, 2006;Fearnside et al, 2008;Li et al, 2008Li et al, , 2010aShearer et al, 2008;Newgard et al, 2009;Waldram et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2009Kim et al, , 2010Kim et al, , 2011Calvani et al, 2010;Xie et al, 2010Xie et al, , 2012Zhao et al, 2010;Oberbach et al, 2011;Duggan et al, 2011a,b;Jung et al, 2012;Hanhineva et al, 2013;Schäfer et al, 2014;Seyfried et al, 2013;Won et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2013;Daniel et al, 2014;Eisinger et al, 2014). Comparing with other studies, our study provides a greater insight into different metabolite classes that were involved in obesity-related changes by reflecting both bacterial and host metabolism.…”

Obesity Increases Mortality and Modulates the Lung Metabolome during Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice

“…This is pertinent because not only is obesity a highly prevalent metabolic disease, but other risk factors for severe influenza infections, such as heart disease, diabetes, pregnancy and aging (17, 18) are also associated with distinct cellular and systemic metabolic complications (16, 19, 20). Metabolic profiling has been useful for identifying biomarkers or uncovering complex mechanisms in a number of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity (21, 22). Further, application of this methodology to infectious diseases models continues to gain momentum, facilitating greater understanding of the complex interactions between pathogen and host and identifying prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers/metabolic signatures unique to certain disease states and stages (23–26).…”

1H NMR-Based Profiling Reveals Differential Immune-Metabolic Networks during Influenza Virus Infection in Obese Mice

“…Metabolic profiling, combining 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical data analysis, has found wide application in metabolic syndrome related diseases and has also gained significant momentum in infectious diseases for discovery of predictive and diagnostic biomarkers [25]–[29]. Although few studies have utilized metabolic profiling to investigate influenza pathogenesis, it has been reported that infection with the mouse adapted strain, influenza A/FM/1/47, caused distinct perturbations in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in the serum of infected mice compared with uninfected mice [30].…”