Sunshape measurements with conventional rotating shadowband irradiometers

Abstract

Because of forward scattered radiation in the atmosphere, the circumsolar region closely surrounding the solar disk looks very bright. The radiation coming from this region, the circumsolar radiation, is in large part included in direct normal irradiance (DNI) measurements at the usual 2.5° pyrheliometer opening half angle, but only partially intercepted by the receivers of focusing solar collectors. Therefore, circumsolar radiation measurements are recommended to be included in solar resource assessment. Circumsolar radiation can be characterized using the radial angular distribution of the radiance around the center of the sun-the so-called sunshape. Several sunshape measurement methods have been developed recently. Most approaches use cameras or pyrheliometers with different apertures which require daily maintenance. The Rotating Shadowband Irradiometer (RSI) based method discussed here uses a conventional RSI without any hardware modification to enable sunshape measurements without affecting the RSI's fundamental function as a DNI measurement device. Thus, it allows to measure circumsolar radiation without any additional hardware and with significantly lower maintenance requirements. The presented RSI-based sunshape measurement algorithm has been validated with four RSIs and more than two years of data. After a short description of the method to derive the circumsolar contribution, the validation results are shown. Then the required calibration method is discussed, followed by the results from the measurement campaigns at four sites in Spain, India and Morocco. It was found that no individual calibration is required per instrument and the algorithm can be used for automatic data processing so that common RSI stations can measure the sunshape with comparably low extra effort. Furthermore, we explain how to derive sunshapes from the RSI measurements.

Human Perception on the Effects of Dust Storm on the Health of Residents’ of Damaturu Metropolis, Yobe State

“…There is also the danger of keratoconjunctivitis sicca ("dry eyes") which, in severe cases without immediate and proper treatment, can lead to blindness. This has been confirmed by studies conducted by ATC, 2018, Almansa et al, 2017, Rongxing, 2018Wilbert et al, 2018;WMO, 2019. Results from the hospital records presented in Table 6 shows that within the last eight years, there was an increase in allergic reactions and Asthma attack among patients in all the years, except for road traffic accident which was attributed to awareness creation and the effect of insurgency which makes motorist to avoid the highway during dust storm.…”

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“…For instance, a method based on two commercial instruments (a sun and aureole measurement system and a sun photometer) has been presented (Gueymard 2010;. Other instruments that can measure the circumsolar irradiance are documented in Wilbert et al (2012Wilbert et al ( , 2018, Kalapatapu et al (2012), and .…”

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State-of-the-Art Measurement Instrumentation and Most Recent Measurement Techniques for Parabolic Trough Collector Fields

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