Sunscreens and immune protection

Baron, Elma D.; Stevens, Seth R.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04844.x

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The sunscreen preparation used consisted of octyl methoxycinnamate 7.5%, octyl salicylate 4%, and oxybenzone 3% and had a UVB sun protection factor of 15. Oxybenzone is found in many broad-spectrum sunscreens and absorbs UVA radiation up to 340-360 nm [16,17]. As the phototoxicity of tetracyclines is mediated in the long wavelength of the UVA spectrum, sunscreens containing oxybenzone as the primary UVA absorber are ineffective for preventing sunburn reactions [13].…”

Section: Sun Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototoxicity of Doxycycline: A Systematic Review on Clinical Manifestations, Frequency, Cofactors, and Prevention

Goetze¹,

Hiernickel²,

Elsner³

2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: One of the most important dermatologic side effects of doxycycline is photosensitivity. As doxycycline is important for malaria prophylaxis and malaria is mainly spread in countries with high sun radiation, special attention should be paid to this adverse effect. While there are many publications on the phototoxicity of tetracyclines in general, only a few exist focusing on doxycycline. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize all available reports on clinical manifestations, influencing factors like UV dose or dose of medication, and the possibilities of prevention by sun protection. Methods: This review is based on a systematic search in PubMed for articles in English and German and a manual search between 1990 and 2015. Results: The number of publications is low. Clinical symptoms vary from light sunburn-like sensation (burning, erythema) to large-area photodermatitis. Also, onycholysis is possible. The triggering UV spectrum seems to consist mainly of UVA1 (340-400 nm), so UV-protective products should be used that cover this range. Travelers to tropical countries taking doxycycline for malaria prophylaxis need thorough medical counseling to avoid possibly severe phototoxic reactions. Conclusion: Evidence base must be improved for giving advice on appropriate prevention measures to travelers taking doxycycline and having a risk of significant sun exposure.

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Section: Sun Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototoxicity of Doxycycline: A Systematic Review on Clinical Manifestations, Frequency, Cofactors, and Prevention

Goetze¹,

Hiernickel²,

Elsner³

2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…s u b e rythemogenic doses of UVA radiation. 6 In the 1980s, photobiologists extended their studies of UV radiation beyond the UVB spectrum and into the UVA range. It was discovered that although the predominant damaging wavelengths were in the UVB region, the effects of UVA were not as innocuous as originally believed.…”

Section: Robert Bissonnette Joel Claveau and Aditya K Guptamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet a Radiation and The Need for Protection

2006

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Erythema is a readily visible, often painful, natural phenomenon indicative of prolonged cutaneous exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the UVB range. As a result, early sunscreens were designed to provide adequate protection from UVB radiation. However, the continuous rise in the melanoma incidence rate alludes to the existence of an established photocarcinogen from which we are not well protected. Recently, scientists have been evaluating the photodamaging effects caused by wavelengths other than UVB. They have presented evidence that suggests that UVA exposure poses a greater hazard than previously acknowledged. For this reason, more emphasis must be placed on the development of broad-spectrum sunscreens providing adequate UVA and UVB protection. Additionally, regular sunscreen application must be advocated, proactive sun-protective practices must be implemented, and greater public awareness of the harmful effects of UVA and UVB radiation must be improved on, with the hope of decreasing the rate of cutaneous malignant melanoma.

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“…4 Oxybenzone partially absorbs UVA radiation up to 360 nm. 7 Phototoxic eruptions, however, are thought to be due to radiation in the UVA1 spectrum of 340-400 nm. 8 Zinc oxide may be a better choice of sunscreen as it is the only sunscreen that offers protection against UVB and UVA radiation up to 400 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Zinc oxide may be a better choice of sunscreen as it is the only sunscreen that offers protection against UVB and UVA radiation up to 400 nm. 7 Limited data exists on dermatologists' recommendations regarding sunscreen as well as patient perception and compliance. Based on a study by Farberg et al surveying 156 dermatologists, all recommended an SPF greater than 30 and the majority considered broad-spectrum coverage an important characteristic when recommending sunscreen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of a Doxycycline-Induced Phototoxic Rash With an Unusual Distribution

2018

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Commonly used in clinical practice, doxycycline has been known to produce a cutaneous phototoxic reaction in combination with sunlight. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to its pathogenesis such as UVA oxidation of cellular components, the formation of photoproducts, and altered melanogenesis. We describe a case of a phototoxic rash in a patient taking doxycycline 100 mg daily for the treatment of rosacea. We present several photos of the rash from erythema to desquamation several weeks later. The clinical presentation of a doxycycline-induced phototoxic rash varies from a sunburn like sensation to diffuse erythematous plaques on sun exposed areas. Treatment involves discontinuing the drug and providing symptomatic relief. Although sunscreen may prevent a doxycycline-induced phototoxic reaction, it is important to educate the patient to use a sunscreen with protection in the 340-400 nm range in which phototoxic reactions are thought to occur. As doxycycline-induced phototoxicity is poorly understood, it may be best to advise the patient to avoid sun exposure altogether while taking the drug.

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Sunscreens and immune protection

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Phototoxicity of Doxycycline: A Systematic Review on Clinical Manifestations, Frequency, Cofactors, and Prevention

Phototoxicity of Doxycycline: A Systematic Review on Clinical Manifestations, Frequency, Cofactors, and Prevention

Ultraviolet a Radiation and The Need for Protection

Evolution of a Doxycycline-Induced Phototoxic Rash With an Unusual Distribution

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