Sunscreens

Wolf, Ronni; Wolf, Danny; Morganti, Pierfrancesco; Ruocco, Vincenzo

doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(01)00190-0

Cited by 76 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Usually, to achieve an optimal composition of topical sunscreens labeled as products with high broad-band UVA + UVB protection, several synthetic molecules having polyphenol nature-inspired moieties (derivatives of benzoic or cinnamic acids) are combined [17,18]. To meet requirements of regulatory bodies for claimed SPF-B and SPF-A values, these synthetic substances should be added to sunscreen cosmetics/drugs in high concentrations ranging from 10 to 25% [18] that sharply increases risks of adverse cutaneous reactions to poly-aromatic synthetics [12] and might have negative environmental impact.…”

Section: Pre-selection Of Sun-protective Secondary Plant Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having molecular structure consisting of condensed aromatic 5-and 6-carbon rings with multiple OH-groups, they effectively absorb UVA + UVB (sun screen properties) ( Figure 1) without promotion of further photo-chemical reactions. They have been considered safer than classical synthetic sunscreens [16], chemical structures of which are also aromatic polyphenols [17,18]. From a kinetic chemistry point of view, SPM phenylpropanoids and their off-spring polyphenols usually have rather high activation energy; therefore, they need UV irradiation to acquire an excited state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Plant Metabolites for Sun Protective Cosmetics: From Pre-Selection to Product Formulation

Korkina¹,

Kostyuk

Potapovich

et al. 2018

Cosmetics

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Topical sun protective cosmetics (sunscreens, pre-and post-sun) have been intensively developed and produced to protect human skin against solar irradiation-associated damages/pathologies. Unfortunately, routine cosmetics for sun protection containing synthetic organic and/or physical sunscreens could exert adverse effects towards human organisms and bring undesirable ecological changes. Terrestrial and marine plant species, being exposed to sun light for hundreds of millions of years, have evolved two pro-survival strategies: effective protection against/adaptation to its deleterious effects and the use of solar energy for photosynthesis/photo-biochemical reactions. Secondary plant metabolites (SPM) are primary sensors of solar energy and mediators of its use (photo-sensitisers) or neutralisation (photo-protectors). A similar double photo-protective/photo-sensitising system is built in within human skin. Modern development of toxicologically/ecologically safe yet effective sun-protective cosmetics attempts to pre-select photo-stable and non-phototoxic SPMs that provide broad UVA + UVB sunscreen, free radical scavenging and direct antioxidant defence, endogenous antioxidant rescue, induction of antioxidant enzymes (indirect antioxidant defence), and normalisation of metabolic and immune responses to UVA + UVB. Proper formulation of sun protective cosmetics should assure targeted delivery of photo-active SPMs to definite skin layers to invigorate the built in photo-chemical skin barrier.

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Section: Pre-selection Of Sun-protective Secondary Plant Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Plant Metabolites for Sun Protective Cosmetics: From Pre-Selection to Product Formulation

Korkina¹,

Kostyuk

Potapovich

et al. 2018

Cosmetics

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“…In animal models sunscreens were shown to reduce the incidence of BCCs and SCCs, which are linked to UVB irradiation 56 . However, in several (9 of 15) epidemiological studies, the use of sunscreens was associated with increased melanoma risk 57 . The efficacy of sunscreens is traditionally assessed using the sun protection factor (SPF).…”

Section: B) Exogenous Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example Parsol 1789, a widely used UVA-absorbing agent present in sunscreens, has been recently found to inadequately protect human keratinocytes from UVA damage 63 . Esters of p-aminobenzoic acid were recognized to be phototoxic 57 . Benzophenone-3 was demonstrated to be a photoallergen 60 .…”

Section: B) Exogenous Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Light Induced Alteration to the Skin

Svobodová¹,

Walterová²,

Vostalová³

2006

BIOMED PAP

295

243

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“…The MED is the amount of effective energy, expressed in Joules/cm 2 , required for the production of the first noticeable erythematous reaction with well-demarcated borders, identified by a trained and qualified professional. 10 Alternative in vitro assays have been developed, such as spectrophotometric tests. They are based on the analysis of spectral absorption or UV radiation transmission of solutions of photoprotectors diluted in appropriate solvent (e.g.…”

Section: Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteção à radiação ultravioleta: recursos disponíveis na atualidade em fotoproteção

Balogh

Velasco

Pedriali

et al. 2011

An. Bras. Dermatol.

123

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Ultraviolet radiation can damage the DNA, cause immunosuppression, chemical and histological alterations in the epidermis, early photoaging, cataracts and carcinogenesis, among others. Photoprotection prevents these and other harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sunscreens, protective clothing, proper accessories and safe sun exposure are essential photoprotection tools. The main forms of photoprotection are presented and discussed in this article, including sunscreens containing organic and inorganic filters, the assessment of their efficacy and current developments on the topic. Keywords: Protection; Radiation protection; Solar radiation; Sunscreening agents; Ultraviolet filters Resumo: A radiação ultravioleta pode provocar danos ao DNA, imunossupressão, alterações químicas e histológicas na epiderme, envelhecimento precoce, cataratas e carcinogênese, dentre outras deteriorações. A fotoproteção previne estes e outros efeitos danosos da radiação ultravioleta. Protetores solares, vestimentas, acessórios adequados e exposição segura ao sol são ferramentas essenciais da fotoproteção. Neste artigo, são apresentadas e discutidas as principais formas de fotoproteção, incluindo os protetores solares com filtros inorgânicos e orgânicos, a avaliação da eficácia dos mesmos e atualizações envolvendo o tema.

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Sunscreens

Cited by 76 publications

References 69 publications

Secondary Plant Metabolites for Sun Protective Cosmetics: From Pre-Selection to Product Formulation

Secondary Plant Metabolites for Sun Protective Cosmetics: From Pre-Selection to Product Formulation

Ultraviolet Light Induced Alteration to the Skin

Proteção à radiação ultravioleta: recursos disponíveis na atualidade em fotoproteção

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