Sunscreen recommendations for patients with skin of color in the popular press and in the dermatology clinic

Abstract

Background Patients with skin of color are at risk for skin cancer, pigmentary disorders, and photo-exacerbated conditions but find it challenging to use sunscreens on the market that leave an obvious residue on their skin. Objective The objective of this study was to examine sunscreen recommendations from the popular press and from practicing dermatologists for patients with skin of color. Methods We queried the Google search engine with the following search terms: “Sunscreen” with “skin of color,” “dark skin,” “black skin.” For comparison, we also searched for “sunscreen” with “white skin,” “pale skin,” and “fair skin.” We conducted an anonymous survey regarding sunscreen recommendations among dermatology trainees and board-certified dermatologists. Results Websites with recommendations on sunscreens for patients with skin of color compared with sunscreens for white or fair skin were more likely to recommend chemical sunscreens (70% vs. 36%) and more expensive products (median: $14 vs. $11.3 per ounce), despite the lower sun protection factor level (median: 32.5 vs. 50). In our survey study, dermatologists were overall cost-conscious and felt that sun protection factor level, broad spectrum (ultraviolet A/B protection), and price were the most important features of sunscreens for their patients. Cosmetic elegance was deemed least important. Dermatologists overall counseled patients with skin of color less on sunscreen use, and 42.9% reported that they either never, rarely, or only sometimes take patients’ skin type into account when making sunscreen recommendations. Conclusion These data represent an area for growth within dermatology to improve culturally competent care by gaining familiarity with sunscreen types and formulations that are geared toward patients with skin of color.

Unravelling the Hydration Barrier of Lignin Oleate Nanoparticles for Acid‐ and Base‐Catalyzed Functionalization in Dispersion State

“… [49] This visual color change could also be of interest for applications such as sunscreens and paints, where the brown color of regular LNPs hampers production of formulations with color intensities matching consumer preferences that also differ based on the geographical regions. [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]…”

“…[49] This visual color change could also be of interest for applications such as sunscreens and paints,where the brown color of regular LNPs hampers production of formulations with color intensities matching consumer preferences that also differ based on the geographical regions. [50][51][52] With the OLNPs available as colloidal aqueous dispersions,t he original idea was focused on producing internally stabilized particles via the radical cross-linking of the double bond situated in the inner core-shell of OLNPs.However, in contrast to regular LNPs,i nitial colloidal stability assays in acidic (pH 2.0) and basic (pH 12.0) conditions revealed an unprecedented improvement in the stability of OLNPs.While LNPs aggregate and dissolve in 4hours under acidic and basic conditions,OLNPs 80 remained intact as determined by visual inspection and particle size measurements (Figure 3, compare cand dand Figure S6). Encouraged by these findings,kinetic experiments under basic and acidic conditions were conducted with all OLNPs compositions (Figure 3a and b).…”

Unravelling the Hydration Barrier of Lignin Oleate Nanoparticles for Acid‐ and Base‐Catalyzed Functionalization in Dispersion State

“…This behavior arises from reduced π‐π interactions between the aromatic rings of lignin due to conformational changes caused by the introduction of oleic fatty acid chains, as evidenced by the non‐linear decrease in the UV absorbance (Figure S5), and previously shown by DFT calculations [49] . This visual color change could also be of interest for applications such as sunscreens and paints, where the brown color of regular LNPs hampers production of formulations with color intensities matching consumer preferences that also differ based on the geographical regions [50–52] …”

Photoprotection for Skin of Color

“…Due to recent concerns that the application of sunscreen at recommended levels may lead to systemic absorption [ 116 ], titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are the only ingredients that are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) by the US FDA [ 115 ]. Chemical sunscreens with organic filters and transparent formulations are often marketed to individuals with SOC [ 117 ], which may address some of the previously mentioned barriers to sunscreen use, but more studies are needed to verify their safety under current FDA provisions [ 118 ]. Oral photoprotection agents such as Polypodium leucotomos extract, nicotinamide, and sulforaphane are also currently being investigated as adjunctive agents to decrease skin photodamage [ 119 – 122 ], and future studies may explore their use in SOC populations.…”