Sunscreen application technique amongst patients with a history of skin cancer

Dang, Jacquelyn; Reserva, Jeave; Tung-Hahn, Eleanor; Vasicek, Brooke; Krol, Cindy; Adams, William; Tung, Rebecca; Alam, Murad

doi:10.1007/s00403-020-02131-9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…3M Transpore tape was used as an in vitro skin substrate recommended by the FDA . The 10 mg of sunscreen applied on top of the 3M Transpore tape was roughly 5 times the FDA recommended value 2 mg/cm 2 of sunscreen in order to ensure complete covering of the UV sensor surface . For the sunlight sunscreen test, five different sunscreen environments were tested: (i) a conventional sensor with no sunscreen applied (Figure b, 1 and 1′), (ii) a normal application of Equate Sport broad spectrum SPF 30 lotion on the sensor (Figure b, 2 and 2′), (iii) stationary addition of 44.8 mM NaCl in DI water to the sunscreen coated sensor (Figure b, 3 and 3′), (iv) stationary addition of DI water to the sunscreen coated sensor (Figure b, 4 and 4′), and (v) 2 min flush of DI water to the sunscreen coated sensor (Figure b, 5 and 5′).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 The 10 mg of sunscreen applied on top of the 3M Transpore tape was roughly 5 times the FDA recommended value 2 mg/cm 2 of sunscreen in order to ensure complete covering of the UV sensor surface. 47 For the sunlight sunscreen test, five different sunscreen environments were tested: (i) a conventional sensor with no sunscreen applied (Figure 8b, 1 and 1′), (ii) a normal application of Equate Sport broad spectrum SPF 30 lotion on the sensor (Figure 8b, 2 and 2′), (iii) stationary addition of 44.8 mM NaCl in DI water to the sunscreen coated sensor (Figure 8b, 3 and 3′), (iv) stationary addition of DI water to the sunscreen coated sensor (Figure 8b, 4 and 4′), and (v) 2 min flush of DI water to the sunscreen coated sensor (Figure 8b, 5 and 5′). The 44.8 mM NaCl solution was made to mimic the sodium content in sweat with an average sodium ion concentrations taken from the measured values obtained by Buono et al 48 The stationary addition of DI water was meant to simulate the effect of stagnant water on sunscreen, and the 2 min flush of DI water was meant to simulate the effect of dynamic water on sunscreen.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoflakes Enabled High Sensitivity Colorimetric UV Dosimetry

Troche

Kannan

Boyle

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Excessive exposure to sunlight’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes adverse effects such as premature aging, sunburn, and skin cancers. Monitoring daily exposure to sunlight is essential to avoid developing health risks. Colorimetric UV sensors change color as a function of UV exposure, provide onsite information about the level of exposure, and can act as a personal wearable device to assist in making informed decisions on sunlight exposure. These sensors utilize radiation-induced reactions on a dye to produce a color change. Here, BiOCl based UV sensor is reported for monitoring UV exposure where a white-to-black color transformation is induced due to the creation of oxygen vacancies in BiOCl. This color transformation is not quantifiable in bulk BiOCl; hence BiOCl was purposely dispersed on filter paper to form petal-like nanostructures that help quantify the color change. Four different dye molecules, 6-carboxyfluorescein, 5-carboxyfluorescein, rhodamine-B, and Prussian blue were evaluated, where 6-carboxyfluorescein gave the best color contrast. The sensor responds to UVA, UVB, and UVC and with proper UV filters can be made selective for specific UV radiations. This unique colorimetric UV sensor can help manage personal UV exposure and reduce the risk of sun exposure ailments.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoflakes Enabled High Sensitivity Colorimetric UV Dosimetry

Troche

Kannan

Boyle

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Measuring U.S. consumer sunscreen application at home and online: optimizing our methods to determine sunscreen application thickness for improved environmental emissions estimates

Carrao,

Becker,

Coleman

et al. 2024

Environmental Challenges

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A novel online survey approach designed to measure consumer sunscreen application thickness—implications for estimating environmental emissions

Carrao,

Coleman,

Guo

et al. 2023

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background The effects of ultraviolet (UV) filters in the aquatic environment have been well studied, but environmental exposures remain unclear and understudied. Consumer usage directly influences the amount of sunscreen products, and subsequently UV filters, potentially released into the environment. Objective To conduct a literature review of previous research into sunscreen application thickness, develop a questionnaire protocol designed to semi-quantify sunscreen usage by US consumers, and conduct a large-scale survey to determine a sunscreen application thickness (to face and body) that is more refined than conservative defaults. The United States Food & Drug Administration (US FDA) recommends a sunscreen application rate of 2 mg/cm2. This value is typically used as a worst-case assumption in environmental exposure assessments of UV filters. Methods Designed a novel approach to estimate lotion sunscreen application thickness using an online questionnaire protocol employing visual references and self-reported height and weight of the respondents. A literature review was also conducted to collect historical sunscreen usage. Results Over 9000 people were surveyed in the US, and after the dataset was refined, their sunscreen application thickness was estimated based on calculated body surface area and reported sunscreen amounts. The mean and median values for survey respondents are 3.00 and 1.78 mg/cm2, respectively, for facial application thickness and 1.52 and 1.35 mg/cm2, respectively, for body application thickness. Earlier research from 1985–2020 reported 36 of the 38 values are below the US FDA’s recommended application thickness of 2 mg/cm2 (range 0.2–5 mg/cm2). Impact statement This web-based survey is the first of its kind, designed specifically to quantify sunscreen application in a large and diverse set of consumers. This method provides a greater reach to larger populations thus enabling more granular data analysis and understanding. Exposure assessments of sunscreen ingredients typically use conservative parameters. These data can refine those assessments and allow for more informed and science-based risk management decisions.

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Sunscreen application technique amongst patients with a history of skin cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoflakes Enabled High Sensitivity Colorimetric UV Dosimetry

Bismuth Oxychloride Nanoflakes Enabled High Sensitivity Colorimetric UV Dosimetry

Measuring U.S. consumer sunscreen application at home and online: optimizing our methods to determine sunscreen application thickness for improved environmental emissions estimates

A novel online survey approach designed to measure consumer sunscreen application thickness—implications for estimating environmental emissions

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