Sunlight tracking and concentrating accelerated weathering test applied in weatherability evaluation and service life prediction of polymeric materials: A review

Qin, Jiaxiang; Jiang, Junqiao; Tao, Youji; Shangyi, Zhao; Zeng, Wenbo; Shi, Ying; Lu, Tianyi; Li, Guo; Wang, Shouhe; Xiao-dong, Zhang; Gao, Jie; Wang, Jun; Xiao, Min

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106940

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Better knowledge is needed of the physical and chemical changes that occur when these materials are stimulated by the interaction of the polyethylene chains with photons, oxygen and water molecules [ 12 ]. A great deal more research has been conducted into stabilizing polyethylene by introducing anti-oxidants or light stabilizers than in investigating their inevitable breakdown due to environmental exposure [ 13 , 14 ]. Although not present in all commercial resins, the majority of HDPE and LLDPE resins contain anti-oxidants to help stabilize their use in manufacturing processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate UV-Accelerated Weathering Cycle Combined with HT-GPC Analysis and Drop Point Testing for Determining the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films

Moreira¹,

Lloyd²,

Hill³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Polyethylene films are one of the most frequently used packaging materials in our society, due to their combination of strength and flexibility. An unintended consequence of this high use has been the ever-increasing accumulation of polyethylene films in the natural environment. Previous attempts to understand their deterioration have either focused on their durability using polymer analysis; or they have focused on changes occurring during outdoor exposure. Herein, this study combines those strategies into one, by studying the chemical and physical changes in the polyethylene structure in a laboratory using molecular weight and IR spectroscopic mapping analysis, combined with temperate UV-accelerated weathering cycles. This approach has been correlated to real-world outdoor exposure timeframes by parallel testing of the sample polyethylene films in Florida and France. The formation of polyethylene microparticles or polyethylene waxes is elucidated through comparison of drop point testing and molecular weight analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate UV-Accelerated Weathering Cycle Combined with HT-GPC Analysis and Drop Point Testing for Determining the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films

Moreira¹,

Lloyd²,

Hill³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…The weathering of polyolefinic materials has received significant study due to the ubiquitous use of polyolefinic materials in many outdoor applications. It therefore became critical to correlate accelerated laboratory weathering techniques to outdoor exposure [ 3 , 4 ]. Polyethylene and polypropylene are susceptible to degradation through oxidative-UV irradiation, often resulting in the formation of secondary polyolefinic microplastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of a Temperate UV-Weathering Cycle to Outdoor Exposure for the Determination of the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films Using HT-GPC Analysis

Hill¹,

Moreira²,

Huynh³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Accelerated UV‑weathering cycles are predominately used for evaluating the durability of plastic materials, particularly polyethylene (PE) films. The point of failure for this testing is usually the loss of a physical property, such as the loss of tensile strength over time. For plastics designed to be instable under environmental conditions, the accelerated weathering cycles are yet to be defined and their correlation to outdoor exposure has yet to be made. This study demonstrates the utility of a newly defined temperate accelerated UV‑weathering cycle, recently codified in the British Standard PAS 9017:2020. In addition, the effectiveness of the laboratory weathering cycle has been correlated to real‑world outdoor exposure through simultaneous testing of the same samples at a specialist outdoor exposure site in Florida. The utility of the testing methodology and the performance of the polyethylene samples was demonstrated through the use of High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography (HT‑GPC) analysis. The data led to a detailed insight into the physico‑chemical changes occurring in the PE films upon exposure to environmental stimuli. By comparison, and surprisingly, the techniques employed appear to provide an insight into the processes in which secondary micro‑particles of PE are formed from macro‑polyethylene samples. The temperate accelerated UV‑weathering cycle over 14 days demonstrated an approximate correlation to 90 days of outdoor exposure in Florida for the PE film studied.

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“…NFPC products are susceptible to sunlight [ 18 , 22 ]. Their exposure to UV light was discovered to contribute to a more significant decrease in the mechanical properties than exposure to microorganisms and high temperatures [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Tests on NFPC products’ resistance to sunlight are typically carried out with accelerated methods, using laboratory light sources [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Weathering Resistance Test Methods for Building Performance Assessment of Profiles Made of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites

2021

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A growing popularity of profiles made of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites in civil engineering encourages determining test methods relevant for building performance assessment. Weathering resistance is among the key aspects that condition the durability of building structures. The paper includes a comparative analysis of two artificial weathering resistance test methods. Polyvinyl chloride and wood flour composite profiles were tested. They were subjected to UV and spraying (X-exposure) and UV, spraying and wetting by condensation (F-exposure), both at different exposure times. The influence of the applied weathering procedures on the composite’s microstructure and its mechanical characteristics were analysed. No changes in the microstructure of brittle fractures were observed. However, surface morphology changes were revealed, noticeably greater following X-exposure than F-exposure. F-exposure exerted significant influence on the mechanical properties of brushed profile, including, but not limited to, flexural modulus. Whereas X-exposure exerted more influence on the mechanical properties of non-brushed profile.

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Sunlight tracking and concentrating accelerated weathering test applied in weatherability evaluation and service life prediction of polymeric materials: A review

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Temperate UV-Accelerated Weathering Cycle Combined with HT-GPC Analysis and Drop Point Testing for Determining the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films

Temperate UV-Accelerated Weathering Cycle Combined with HT-GPC Analysis and Drop Point Testing for Determining the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films

Correlation of a Temperate UV-Weathering Cycle to Outdoor Exposure for the Determination of the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films Using HT-GPC Analysis

Artificial Weathering Resistance Test Methods for Building Performance Assessment of Profiles Made of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites

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