Sunken and Submerged Oil

Michel, Jacqueline; Hansen, Kameron R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809413-6.00013-8

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Additionally, if the oil is negatively buoyant, or becomes negatively buoyant from evaporation or dissolution, it will sink. For very weak currents (less than~10 cm s -1 ), the oil will sink to the seabed, but stronger currents and turbulence can maintain sunken oil in suspension [174].…”

Section: Evaporation Dissolution Emulsification Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synthesis Review of Emissions and Fates for the Coal Oil Point Marine Hydrocarbon Seep Field and California Marine Seepage

Leifer

2019

Geofluids

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Anthropogenic oil in the ocean is of great concern due to its potential immediate and long-term impacts on the ecosystem, economy, and society, leading to intense societal efforts to mitigate and reduce inputs. Sources of oil in the ocean (in the order of importance) are natural marine seepage, run-off from anthropogenic sources, and oil spills, yet uncertainty and variability in these budgets are large, particularly for natural seepage, which exhibits large spatial and temporal heterogeneity on local to regional scales. When source inputs are comparable, discriminating impacts is complicated, because petroleum is both a bioavailable, chemosynthetic energy source to the marine ecosystem and a potential toxic stressor depending on concentration, composition, and period of time. This synthesis review investigates the phenomena underlying this complexity and identifies knowledge gaps. Its focus is on the Coal Oil Point (COP) seep field, arguably the best-studied example, of strong natural marine hydrocarbon seepage, located in the nearshore, shallow waters of the Northern Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California, where coastal processes complicate oceanography and meteorology. Many of our understandings of seep processes globally are based on insights learned from studies of the oil and gas emissions from the COP seep field. As one of the largest seep fields in the world, its impacts spread far as oil drifts on the sea surface and subsurface, yet much remains unknown of its impacts.

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Section: Evaporation Dissolution Emulsification Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synthesis Review of Emissions and Fates for the Coal Oil Point Marine Hydrocarbon Seep Field and California Marine Seepage

Leifer

2019

Geofluids

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“…In mid-scale and largescale experiments, quantification of virtually all the sinking post-burn residues can be challenging as it would require underwater imaging and large trapping mechanisms to be installed underneath the fuel/water interface or on the seabed. In open waters, such a task is extremely difficult and often not efficient (Michel and Hansen, 2017;Scholz et al, 2004). In this study, in some of the experiments, especially those with strongly weathered crude oils, the partial or full sinking of the post-burn residues was observed.…”

Section: The Behaviour Of Post-burn Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical herding of weathered crude oils for in-situ burning

Rojas-Alva

Andersen

Jomaas

2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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Mid-scale ISB experiments were conducted in a large water-basin (20 m 2 x 1 m) in order to assess the applicability of chemical herding of weathered crude oil spills on water in association with in-situ burning (ISB). A silicone-based chemical herding agent, OP-40, was used to confine, or herd, three different crude oils (Siri, Grane and Oseberg blend) at various weathering degrees. The herding agent was capable of obtaining the minimum required oil slick thickness for ignition and subsequent flame spread in most of the experiments, but not for the strongly weathered oils. Also, the herding agent was capable of re-thickening the oil slick after flame extinction. The burning efficiency results indicate that the method can be viable for ISB with herders at a larger scale, and suggest that the burning efficiency scales with the amount of crude oil. Sinking behaviour of residues was also observed and quantified, as such a behaviour can pose a serious environmental threat in real scenarios.

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“…This spill occurred on 26 November 2004 in the Delaware River near Paulsboro, NJ, USA when the M/T Athos I tanker struck an uncharted submerged object. The collision resulted in a perforation of a ballast tank, causing~978 metric tons of Bachaquero Venezuelan crude oil with an API gravity of 13.2-13.9 to be released to the river [10]. A small amount of the spilled oil sank due to sediment entrainment.…”

Section: M/t Athos I Oil Spillmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small amount of the spilled oil sank due to sediment entrainment. Sunken oil was located in depressions under the collision site and was immobile due to the highly cohesive nature of the oil [10]. In addition, stranded oil in the intertidal zone picked up sediment and sank in the river, and this oil was transported by riverine and tidal currents.…”

Section: M/t Athos I Oil Spillmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sunken oil can be defined as any oil (including bitumen, coal tar, asphalt) on the bottom of the waterbody, having sunk due to high density, as OPAs, macroscopic oil-sediment mixtures, or burn residue [8,9]. Several previous spills to rivers have resulted in sunken oil, including ship-related accidents such as the M/T (Motor Tanker) Athos I and T/B (Tank Barge) Apex 3508 oil spills [10,11], storage facility-related spills such as the storage tank fuel transfer leak [12], and pipeline-related spills such as the Enbridge Kalamazoo River spill [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of the SOSim v2 Model to Spills of Sunken Oil in Rivers

Jacketti

Englehardt

Beegle-Krause

2020

JMSE

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Sunken oil transport processes in rivers differ from those in oceans, and currently available models may not be generally applicable to sunken oil in river settings. The open-source Subsurface Oil Simulator (SOSim) model has been expanded to handle spills of sunken oil in navigable rivers, utilizing Bayesian inference to integrate field concentration data with bathymetric data to predict the location and movement of sunken oil. A novel prior likelihood function incorporates bathymetric input, with sampling grid and default parameters adapted appropriately for rivers. SOSim v2 was demonstrated versus field observations taken following the M/T (Motor Tanker) Athos I oil spill. The model was also modified to operate in 1-D, to assess the longitudinal distribution of sunken oil in a non-navigable river using available poling data collected following the Enbridge Kalamazoo River oil spill in 2010. Results of both case studies were consistent with observed data and local bathymetry in 2-D and 1-D, and the model is suggested as a complement to deterministic models for oil spill emergency response in rivers.

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Sunken and Submerged Oil

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

A Synthesis Review of Emissions and Fates for the Coal Oil Point Marine Hydrocarbon Seep Field and California Marine Seepage

A Synthesis Review of Emissions and Fates for the Coal Oil Point Marine Hydrocarbon Seep Field and California Marine Seepage

Chemical herding of weathered crude oils for in-situ burning

Application of the SOSim v2 Model to Spills of Sunken Oil in Rivers

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