Sunflower Breeding for Resistance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

Škorić, Dragan

doi:10.5772/62159

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In major crops (cereals) some of the central genes for drought tolerance have been identified, and furthermore, several of these genes have been integrated into the genome of cultivated varieties [37,38]. For sunflower, however, in sunflower, only H. argophyllus has been extensively studied for drought tolerance [23,39]. Frequently when wild relatives are used in breeding programs, the resulting progeny display reduced total yield, and these yields are also of a lower quality [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

et al. 2018

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Sunflower is sensitive to drought, and furthermore, sunflower hybrids display limited cytoplasmic diversity. In addition, the wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well explored for their potential to introduce drought tolerance into newly developed hybrids. Therefore here, we carried out a Line × Tester-based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes, normal irrigation and drought stress (i.e., withholding water). A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years and the significant differences between parents and hybrids are reported here. More specifically, hybrid lines were higher in average values for all the descriptors. The contribution of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content in the leaves of all the genotypes was three times higher in the water stress regime. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight., whereas CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

et al. 2018

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“…tuberosus , and H . pauciflorus have also shown resistance in field tests (Škorić, 2016). Stafford and Thompson (1983) released a parental line, HA 207, resistant to charcoal rot based on a wild H. annuus from north Texas that is also rust resistant.…”

Section: Biotic Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last three decades Phomopsis brown stem canker has become the most destructive disease worldwide (Škorić, 2016). Cuk (1982) reported that wild annual H .…”

Section: Biotic Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Cultivated Sunflower Improvement

2017

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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the few crops native to the United States. The current USDA–ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) crop wild relatives sunflower collection is the largest extant collection in the world, containing 2519 accessions comprising 53 species—39 perennial and 14 annual. To fully utilize gene bank collections, however, researchers need more detailed information about the amount and distribution of genetic diversity present within the collection. The wild species are adapted to a wide range of habitats and possess considerable variability for most biotic and abiotic traits. This represents a substantial amount of genetic diversity available for many agronomic traits for cultivated sunflower, which has a very narrow genetic base. Sunflower ranked fifth highest among 13 crops of major importance to global food security surveyed from the mid‐1980s to 2005 in the use of traits from crop wild relatives. The estimated annual economic contribution of the wild species for cultivated sunflower is between US$267 to 384 million. Most of the value is derived from the PET1 cytoplasm from wild H. petiolaris, disease resistance genes, abiotic salt tolerance, and resistance to imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. Crop wild relatives provide a wide range of valuable attributes for traditional and molecular breeding, as well as for ecological experimentation, and have enabled rapid advances in ecological and evolutionary genetics. The wild species of Helianthus continue to contribute specific traits to combat emerging pests and environmental challenges and, at the same time, are preserved for future generations.

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“…However, total immunity has not been found in sunflower, and all improvement strategies rely on genomic tools such as molecular markers [ 3 ]. In this regard, the genetic basis of SHR resistance has been described as consisting of many genes of small quantitative effects whose expressions are highly dependent on the environment with different mechanisms involved in resistance at each phase of the disease in sunflower [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main and epistatic QTL analyses for Sclerotinia Head Rot resistance in sunflower

et al. 2017

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Sclerotinia Head Rot (SHR), a disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most limiting factors in sunflower production. In this study, we identified genomic loci associated with resistance to SHR to support the development of assisted breeding strategies. We genotyped 114 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) along with their parental lines (PAC2 –partially resistant–and RHA266 –susceptible–) by using a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Illumina Oligo Pool Assay to saturate a sunflower genetic map. Subsequently, we tested these lines for SHR resistance using assisted inoculations with S. sclerotiorum ascospores. We also conducted a randomized complete-block assays with three replicates to visually score disease incidence (DI), disease severity (DS), disease intensity (DInt) and incubation period (IP) through four field trials (2010–2014). We finally assessed main effect quantitative trait loci (M-QTLs) and epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) by composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed-model-based composite interval mapping (MCIM), respectively. As a result of this study, the improved map incorporates 61 new SNPs over candidate genes. We detected a broad range of narrow sense heritability (h2) values (1.86–59.9%) as well as 36 M-QTLs and 13 E-QTLs along 14 linkage groups (LGs). On LG1, LG10, and LG15, we repeatedly detected QTLs across field trials; which emphasizes their putative effectiveness against SHR. In all selected variables, most of the identified QTLs showed high determination coefficients, associated with moderate to high heritability values. Using markers shared with previous Sclerotinia resistance studies, we compared the QTL locations in LG1, LG2, LG8, LG10, LG11, LG15 and LG16. This study constitutes the largest report of QTLs for SHR resistance in sunflower. Further studies focusing on the regions in LG1, LG10, and LG15 harboring the detected QTLs are necessary to identify causal alleles and contribute to unraveling the complex genetic basis governing the resistance.

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Sunflower Breeding for Resistance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

Abstract: Due to a specific structure of its main organs (root, stem, leaves, and head), sunflower can be successfully grown on marginal soils and in semiarid conditions, and it is more resistant to abiotic stresses, than other field crops. Unfortunately, it is very sensitive to biotic stresses.

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Utilization of Sunflower Crop Wild Relatives for Cultivated Sunflower Improvement

Main and epistatic QTL analyses for Sclerotinia Head Rot resistance in sunflower

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