Sun Tracing Solar Panel in Two Axis Using Arduino and Servo Motors

Abstract

In the contemporary context, the variability in climatic changes has reached critical levels. These changes stem from both natural phenomena and human-induced activities, notably global warming and the emission of greenhouse gases, which are significantly impacting climatic conditions worldwide. Over the past decade, there has been a notable surge in the demand for reliable and abundant electrical energy sourced from renewable energy alternatives. This shift towards renewable energy is pivotal in addressing energy crises faced by many countries. Governments have initiated measures to reduce reliance on conventional energy sources while actively promoting the adoption of renewable energy sources such as hydro and solar power. Solar power, in particular, stands out as a prominent renewable energy source. With the sun being an abundant and inexhaustible source of energy, solar power holds immense potential. The solar energy received by the Earth is estimated to be approximately 1.8*10^11 MW. To harness this energy efficiently, maximizing the absorption of solar power by photovoltaic systems is imperative. Research indicates that employing a dual-axis tracking system, as opposed to a fixed system, can substantially increase power output by 40% to 60%. Solar energy systems have witnessed significant advancements over the past few decades and are now widely utilized for various household and industrial applications. These systems typically rely on solar collectors designed to capture the sun's energy and convert it into either electrical power or thermal energy. The efficacy of such systems hinges on the ability to capture solar energy effectively. Consequently, developing tracking schemes capable of aligning with the sun's trajectory throughout the day, year-round, has garnered considerable attention in research and development initiatives. This emphasis on enhancing solar energy capture underscores the importance of innovation and technological advancements in the renewable energy sector. By harnessing the vast potential of solar power and optimizing its utilization through advanced tracking systems, societies can mitigate reliance on fossil fuels, combat climate change, and foster sustainable development pathways.