Sun protection factor persistence during a day with physical activity and bathing

Bodekær, Mette; Faurschou, Annesofie; Philipsen, Peter Alshede; Wulf, Hans Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2008.00379.x

Cited by 43 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, when the study was designed, we decided to apply a rigorous protocol to allow comparability with previous studies. The application density of the sunscreen formulation used in this study is that used for routine SPF assessment (2 mg/cm 2 ) and is in line with previous studies in the field of sunscreen photoprotection (27,28). Whether a higher application density of the SS alone could further reduce CPD formation and skin apoptosis in vivo is outside the scope of our report, but deserves further scrutiny.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Reduced ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human skin with topical application of a photolyase-containing DNA repair enzyme cream: Clues to skin cancer prevention

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in the formation of DNA photolesions that give rise to photoaging, mutations, cell death and the onset of carcinogenic events. Photolyase (EC 4.1.99.3) is a DNA repair enzyme that reverses damage caused by exposure to UVR. We sought to investigate whether addition of photolyase enhances the protection provided by a traditional sunscreen (SS), by reducing the in vivo formation of cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and UVR-induced apoptosis in human skin. Ten volunteers (Fitzpatrick skin type II) were exposed to solar-simulated (ss) UVR at a three times minimal erythema dose for 4 consecutive days. Thirty minutes prior to each exposure, the test materials [vehicle, SS (sun protection factor 50) alone, and SS plus photolyase from Anacystis nidulans] were applied topically to three different sites. One additional site was left untreated and one received ssUVR only. Biopsy specimens were taken 72 h after the last irradiation. The amount of CPDs and the extent of apoptosis were measured by ELISA. Photolyase plus SS was superior to SS alone in reducing both the formation of CPDs and apoptotic cell death (both P<0.001). In conclusion, the addition of photolyase to a traditional SS contributes significantly to the prevention of UVR-induced DNA damage and apoptosis when applied topically to human skin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Reduced ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human skin with topical application of a photolyase-containing DNA repair enzyme cream: Clues to skin cancer prevention

et al. 2011

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“…92,93 With normal bathing, physical activity, and towelling, the SPF of a single application of sunscreen at 2 mg/cm 2 was reduced by 40% and 55% after 4 and 8 hours, respectively. 94 Hence, sunscreen must be reapplied frequently, especially under more active conditions. 95 The ban on "waterproof," "sweatproof," and "protection for more than 2 hours" claims in the United States and Canada, coupled with the coincident requirements to specify how long "water-resistant" sunscreen products remain effective, should help promote frequent reapplication of sunscreen.…”

Section: 91mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 2: Primary Prevention of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

Barber

Searles

Vender³

et al. 2015

J Cutan Med Surg

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Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC), represents the most common malignancy. Objective: To provide guidance to Canadian health care practitioners regarding primary prevention of NMSC. Methods: Structured literature searches were conducted, using search terms including prevention, sunscreen, and sun prevention factor. All recommendations concern guidance that physicians should regularly discuss with their patients to help establish photoprotection habits. The GRADE system was used to assign strength to each recommendation. Results: Ultraviolet exposure is the major modifiable risk factor for NMSC. Aspects of photoprotection, including effective sunscreen use and avoidance of both the midday sun and artificial tanning, are discussed. Several widespread misunderstandings that undermine responsible public health measures related to sun safety are addressed. Conclusions: Photoprotection represents both an individual priority and a public health imperative. By providing accurate information during routine patient visits, physicians reinforce the need for ongoing skin cancer prevention. RésuméContexte : De tous les cancers, le carcinome cutané (non-mélanome), y compris le carcinome basocellulaire et le carcinome spinocellulaire, est le plus fréquent. Objectif : Fournir des conseils aux professionnels canadiens de la santé au sujet de la prévention du carcinome cutané. Méthodologie : On a effectué des recherches documentaires structurées à l'aide de divers mots clés, dont « prévention », « écran solaire » et « facteur de protection solaire ». Toutes les recommandations que nous avons repérées portent sur des conseils dont les médecins devraient régulièrement discuter avec leurs patients pour les aider à adopter des habitudes de photoprotection. On a utilisé l'échelle GRADE pour évaluer la pertinence de chacune des recommandations. Résultats : L'exposition aux rayons UV est le plus important facteur de risque modifiable du carcinome cutané. Certains aspects de la photoprotection, entre autres l'utilisation efficace d'un écran solaire, l'évitement du soleil de mi-journée et l'évitement du bronzage artificiel, sont examinés. Plusieurs croyances erronées répandues nuisent aux mesures de santé publique en matière de protection contre le soleil. Conclusions : La photoprotection constitue autant une priorité personnelle qu'un impératif de santé publique. En fournissant des renseignements précis aux patients lors des visites de routine, les médecins insistent sur la nécessité d'une prévention continue du cancer de la peau.

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“…33 Nonetheless, evidence for improved outcomes with sunscreen use is not as strong as for shade, as described above, which may be in part due to the typically inadequate sunscreen application patterns among the public. Therefore, shade and clothing appear before sunscreen in the action statements because they are considered better UVR-protection options.…”

Section: (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An update to the recommended core content for sun safety messages for public education in Canada: A consensus report

Marrett

Chu

Atkinson

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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Sun protection factor persistence during a day with physical activity and bathing

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Reduced ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human skin with topical application of a photolyase-containing DNA repair enzyme cream: Clues to skin cancer prevention

Reduced ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human skin with topical application of a photolyase-containing DNA repair enzyme cream: Clues to skin cancer prevention

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 2: Primary Prevention of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

An update to the recommended core content for sun safety messages for public education in Canada: A consensus report

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