Sun Exposure, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. An Analysis According to Different Clinico-Pathological Variants and Anatomic Locations (Italy)

Naldi, Luigi; Altieri, Andrea; Imberti, G.; Gallus, Silvano; Bosetti, Cristina; Vecchia, Carlo La

doi:10.1007/s10552-005-2300-4

Cited by 58 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…We had also observed similar findings in 3 previous independent analyses from our group: a familial case-study of melanoma (13), a pooled analysis of 10 case-control studies (6), and a follow-up study of 4 samples of melanoma patients (14). Other previous studies (15)(16)(17)(18), although not all (5,(19)(20)(21), generally reported similar findings, including a metaanalysis of 24 observational studies involving 16,180 melanoma cases (15). In the latter, an increase in 5 common nevi resulted in an odds of 1.50 for head/neck melanoma, and of 1.72 for trunk melanoma, but this difference was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Site-Specific Determinants of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case–Case Comparison of Patients with Tumors Arising on the Head or Trunk

Kvaskoff

Pandeya

Green

et al. 2013

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Cutaneous melanomas have been hypothesized to arise through different pathways according to phenotype, body site, and sun exposure. To further test this hypothesis, we explored associations between phenotype and melanoma at different sites using a case-case comparative approach.Methods: Melanoma patients (n ¼ 762) aged 18 to 79 years and diagnosed from 2007 to 2010 were ascertained from pathology laboratories in Brisbane, Australia. Patients reported phenotypic information and a dermatologist counted melanocytic nevi and solar keratoses. We compared data for patients with trunk melanoma (n ¼ 541, the reference group), head/neck melanoma (n ¼ 122), or lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) of the head/neck (n ¼ 69). ORs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using classical or polytomous logistic regression models.Results: Compared with trunk melanoma patients, those with head/neck melanoma were significantly less likely to have high nevus counts (135: OR ¼ 0.27; P trend ¼ 0.0004). Associations between category of nevus count and LMM head/neck were weaker and significantly different (135: OR ¼ 1.09; P trend ¼ 0.69; P homogeneity ¼ 0.02). Patients with head/neck melanoma were more likely than those with truncal melanoma to have high solar keratosis counts (7: OR ¼ 1.78, P trend ¼ 0.04). Again, associations with LMM head/neck were weaker, albeit not significantly different (7: OR ¼ 1.61; P trend ¼ 0.42; P homogeneity ¼ 0.86).Conclusion: Trunk melanomas are more strongly associated with nevus counts than head/neck melanomas, but are less strongly associated with number of solar keratoses, a marker of chronic sun exposure.Impact: These findings underscore the notion that melanomas on the trunk typically arise through a causal pathway associated with nevus propensity, whereas melanomas on the head/neck arise through a pathway associated with cumulative sun exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(12); 2222-31. Ó2013 AACR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Site-Specific Determinants of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case–Case Comparison of Patients with Tumors Arising on the Head or Trunk

Kvaskoff

Pandeya

Green

et al. 2013

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In the scientific literature a great number of publications support the causation of CMM by UV radiation exposure. The past 50 years have added both quantity and quality to epidemiological evidence and, most recently, provided direct evidence that sun exposure is the cause of mutations in critical tumor suppressor genes in melanoma [1,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Funding: Nonementioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of studies investigating the association between dietary habits and cutaneous malignant melanoma

et al. 2015

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ObjectiveSeveral papers have dealt with diet as a risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). This study is aimed at synthesizing available data on the topic. Study designA systematic review of observational studies assessing the association between dietary habits and CMM was performed. MethodsElectronic databases were used to identify eligible articles. Quality was evaluated through the NewCastle Ottawa scale. Case control and cohort studies assessing CMM occurrence in people with highest level of food and nutrient intake in comparison to lowest were considered eligible. Data from single studies were described qualitatively because combination of data was not possible. ResultsSixteen articles were selected. Cohort studies showed a better quality than case-control ones. Most studies did not figure out any significant association between foods intake and CMM, except for few evidence of a protective role associated to fish, vegetables and fruit. Risk reduction was shown 35-37%, 40-57% and 34-46% respectively across studies releasing significant results. Beta-carotene, vitamin A, retinol, vitamin E, and vitamin D showed a protective role in single studies with a risk reduction of 64%, 49%, 37-43%, 50-66% and 39% respectively. Conclusion 4A trend in the reduction of CMM risk with higher intake of fish, vegetables and fruits, as well as beta-carotene and vitamins A, E and D has been shown but further research is needed to provide decisive data.

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“…Even if such instrumentation resulted in relatively non-confounded measures of melanin content, these instruments are expensive and require highly trained users, frequent calibration, as well as standard ambient room temperatures [30,2] . Such features make it clinically difficult to conduct melanin measurements, especially in pediatrics where prediction of those at risk may enhance sun protection [31] . Our findings are in part consistent with a recent study where a strong correlation between MI and individual typology angle (ITA) values were found, suggesting that either of these methods can be used to assess skin pigmentation depending on the relevance of the measurement outcome of the intended study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital dermoscopy to determine skin melanin index as an objective indicator of skin pigmentation

et al. 2016

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Clinical assessment of skin photosensitivity is subjectively determined by erythema and tanning responses to sunlight recalled by the subject, alternatively known as Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype (SPT). Responses may be unreliable due to recall bias, subjective bias by clinicians and subjects, and lack of cultural sensitivity of the questions. Analysis of red-green-blue (RGB) color spacing of digital images may provide an objective determination of SPT. This paper presents the studies to assess the melanin index (MI), as determined by RGB images obtained by both standard digital camera as well as by videodermoscope, and to correlate the MI with SPT based upon subjects' verbal responses to standardized questions administered by a dermatologist.A sample of subjects representing all SPTs I-VI was selected. Both the digital camera and videodermoscope were calibrated at standard illumination, light source and white balance. Images of constitutive skin of the upper ventral arm were taken of each subject using both instruments. The studies showed that 58 subjects (20 M, 38 F) were enrolled in the study (mean age: 47 years; range: 20-89), stratified to skin phototype I-VI. MI obtained by using both digital camera and videodermoscope increased significantly as the SPT increased (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and positively correlated with dermatologist-assessed SPT (Spearman correlation, r = 0.48 and r = 0.84, respectively). Digital imaging can quantify melanin content in order to quantitatively approximate skin pigmentation in all skin phototypes including Type VI skin. This methodology holds promise as a simple, non-invasive, rapid and objective approach to reliably determine skin phototype and, with further investigation, may prove to be both practical and useful in the prediction of skin cancer risk.

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Sun Exposure, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. An Analysis According to Different Clinico-Pathological Variants and Anatomic Locations (Italy)

Abstract: Total number of nevi was the major risk factor associated with all melanoma variants and locations. A higher level of education and sunburn episodes in early childhood appeared to be more strongly related to SSM than to other variants.

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Site-Specific Determinants of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case–Case Comparison of Patients with Tumors Arising on the Head or Trunk

Site-Specific Determinants of Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case–Case Comparison of Patients with Tumors Arising on the Head or Trunk

Systematic review of studies investigating the association between dietary habits and cutaneous malignant melanoma

Digital dermoscopy to determine skin melanin index as an objective indicator of skin pigmentation

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