Sun exposure of indoor workers in the UK - survey on the time spent outdoors

Baczynska, K.; Khazova, Marina; O’Hagan, John

doi:10.1039/c8pp00425k

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…During this period people's exposure to UV ery was likely to be very low due to a combination of environmental and behavioural factors. e environmental availability of UV ery was generally low, and the extreme cold temperatures [66] were likely to have caused people to stay indoors for longer [36,67,68] and cover up outside with less than 10% of skin exposed [43,44,69]. is behaviour, staying indoors to keep warm and wrapping up warm when outside, is also part of the public health advice given over this period [62].…”

Section: February-march 2018 In Late February and Earlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the London Marathon on Sunday, 22 April, tens of thousands of participants and hundreds of thousands of spectators were exposed to the sun for a number of hours around the middle of the day when UV ery is highest [46], and 2 SED would be exceeded in 30 min. On the May Day Bank Holiday weekend of 5-7 May, the fine weather would have encouraged outdoor activities [36]. On 7 May 2018, 2 SED would be exceeded in 25 min around 12 noon.…”

Section: April-may 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, solar radiation exposure as a whole, through exposure to visible radiation (400-700 nm), plays an important role in melatonin regulation for better quality sleep and serotonin regulation for improved mental health-both of which may enhance length and quality of life [23]. Too little as well as too much exposure to the sun and to solar UV in particular can be detrimental to health and result in a burden on the UK health services [18,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England

Rendell

Higlett

Khazova

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Consideration of the implications of solar UV exposure on public health during extreme temperature events is important due to their increasing frequency as a result of climate change. In this paper public health impacts of solar UV exposure, both positive and negative, during extreme hot and cold weather in England in 2018 were assessed by analysing environmental variations in UV and temperature. Consideration was given to people’s likely behaviour, the current alert system and public health advice. During a period of severe cold weather in February-March 2018 UV daily doses were around 25–50% lower than the long-term average (1991–2017); however, this would not impact on sunburn risk or the benefit of vitamin D production. In spring 2018 unseasonably high temperatures coincided with high UV daily doses (40–75% above long-term average) on significant days: the London Marathon (22 April) and UK May Day Bank Holiday weekend, which includes a public holiday on the Monday (5–7 May). People were likely to have intermittent excess solar UV exposure on unacclimatised skin, causing sunburn and potentially increasing the risk of skin cancers. No alerts were raised for these events since they occurred outside the alerting period. During a heat-wave in summer 2018 the environmental availability of UV was high—on average of 25% above the long-term average. The public health implications are complex and highly dependent on behaviour and sociodemographic variables such as skin colour. For all three periods Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between maximum daily temperature and erythema-effective UV daily dose. Public health advice may be improved by taking account of both temperature and UV and their implications for behaviour. A health impact-based alert system would be of benefit throughout the year, particularly in spring and summer.

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Section: February-march 2018 In Late February and Earlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: April-may 2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England

Rendell

Higlett

Khazova

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…An analysis of several studies (from Europe and USA) of the time people spend outdoors has shown that the median time spent outdoors is 1 h on weekdays and 1.6 h on weekends. Most frequent are stays which last around 30 min . However, there are considerably differences caused by season ( e.g .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Air Temperature on the UV Exposure of Different Body Sites Due to Clothing of Young Women During Daily Errands

Schmalwieser

Schmalwieser²,

Schmalwieser³

2019

Photochem & Photobiology

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Clothing is one of the main influencing factors for personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Despite that, little attention was put on this topic till now. In this study, the clothing habits of young females have been investigated in dependence of meteorological conditions. Observations were made from spring to autumn during daylight in the urban region of Vienna, Austria. For this, a scheme dividing the body into six different sections was developed as well as a coding scale that corresponds to the different garments and indicates the body sites that are exposed. It was found that air temperature is the dominating factor for exposure. With increasing temperature, the first area of the body to be exposed to solar UVR is, aside from face and hands, the d ecollet e, followed by nape, ankles, instep and forearms. Observations further indicate that the frequency of people's being outdoors decreases significantly at temperatures higher than 30°C. This paper provides detailed frequency distributions of uncovered body sites in dependence of temperature. These can be used together with measurements of temperature and UVR to calculate the relative exposure at any time and at many locations, and could help to explain the body distribution of UVR caused skin alterations.

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“…The variation of the dosimeters' responsivity due to the combination of spectral and angular mismatch did not exceed 4% compared with the midday value within 09:00-18:00 time interval; this value is similar to the findings of previous studies (23,25). The cosine response error increases to~10% for higher incidence angles (70°≤ h ≤ 90°) and corresponding data were not included in data analysis; early morning and later evening sun has insignificant contribution to erythema doses even in summer (12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Measurements of Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation on Inclined Surfaces in Personal Dosimetry Field Studies

Corradi

Baczynska

Morelii

et al. 2019

Photochem & Photobiology

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Understanding personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is essential for the evaluation of the health risks and benefits; however, personal dosimetry could be challenging in large‐scale or/and long‐term population studies. Alternatively, personal exposure could be simulated using three‐dimensional models and lifestyle surveys together with data on a body position with respect to the sun. These models require a real‐time input on local environmental UVR. The main challenge in using this method is retrieval of the diffuse irradiance as it requires an often‐expensive tracking of solar position. In this study, a hypothesis that UVR measured on a vertical plane in the north direction can be used in the UK as a proxy for diffuse radiation was tested against direct measurements and compared with models based on solar tracker data in Chilton, UK, (51.57°N) in June–July 2018. The statistical analysis over 17 days under all weather conditions showed that for 45° and 90° tilted surfaces the proposed method performed as well as the best of the models based on solar tracker data. A proposed system could offer a portable and low‐cost alternative to measurements of diffuse radiation by solar tracking radiometers for spatial distribution of terrestrial erythema effective UVR in population field studies.

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Sun exposure of indoor workers in the UK - survey on the time spent outdoors

Abstract: A lifestyle questionnaire has been used to obtain information on the time spent outdoors by indoor workers that could be used in combination with dosimetry studies in smaller targeted groups to quantify UV exposure for health risk/benefit analysis.

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England

Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England

Influence of Air Temperature on the UV Exposure of Different Body Sites Due to Clothing of Young Women During Daily Errands

Method for Measurements of Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation on Inclined Surfaces in Personal Dosimetry Field Studies

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