Abstract:Vitamin D deficiency is more common in Northeast-Asian immigrants to western countries than in the local population; prevalence equalizes as immigrants adopt the host country's culture. In a community-based study of 100 Northeast-Asian immigrants in Canberra, Australia, we examined predictors of vitamin D status, its association with indicators of acculturation (English language use; time since migration) and mediators of that association. Participants completed a sun and physical activity diary and wore an el… Show more
“…However, 5 hours might be a high cut-off value for sun exposure time, considering the result that 64% of Northeast Asian Austrians aged 18 to 80 years reported less than 1 hour of daily sun exposure. 42 In the current study, more than 92% of the subjects reported less than 5 hours of daily sun exposure on average. The reasons for low sun exposure time might be associated with the characteristics of the participants in this study.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 50%
“…First, Asian women tend to avoid direct sun exposure. 42,43 Second, subjects with cataracts or a history of cataract surgery, which can considerably influence refractive error, were excluded in this study. This could have affected the low sun exposure time in this data set, as sun exposure is an important risk factor for cataracts.…”
Later age at menarche is associated with a decreased risk of moderate and high myopia. The effects of female sex hormones on ocular structures and growth spurts may mediate this relationship between age at menarche and myopia.
“…However, 5 hours might be a high cut-off value for sun exposure time, considering the result that 64% of Northeast Asian Austrians aged 18 to 80 years reported less than 1 hour of daily sun exposure. 42 In the current study, more than 92% of the subjects reported less than 5 hours of daily sun exposure on average. The reasons for low sun exposure time might be associated with the characteristics of the participants in this study.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 50%
“…First, Asian women tend to avoid direct sun exposure. 42,43 Second, subjects with cataracts or a history of cataract surgery, which can considerably influence refractive error, were excluded in this study. This could have affected the low sun exposure time in this data set, as sun exposure is an important risk factor for cataracts.…”
Later age at menarche is associated with a decreased risk of moderate and high myopia. The effects of female sex hormones on ocular structures and growth spurts may mediate this relationship between age at menarche and myopia.
“…This conclusion is matched by cross-sectional studies in Queenslanders that found: '25(OH)D levels were also lower in participants who had black hair, dark/olive skin, or brown eyes, when compared with participants who had brown or fair hair, fair skin, or blue/green eyes' (22) . A host of additional studies from different locations have confirmed a significant skin-colour differential in circulating 25(OH)D (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) , whereas a substantial number have failed to confirm this finding (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) .…”
Despite residing in an optimal geographic location for sunlight exposure, nearly 65 % of study adolescents were either insufficient or deficient in vitamin D. Correction and long-term prevention of this nutritional problem may be instrumental in avoiding adverse effects in adulthood attributed to low 25(OH)D during adolescence.
“…The strengths of this study include the use of dairies for daily sun exposure and the categories of sun protection behaviors collected. Other studies using sun exposure and sun protection diaries have only collected information for periods of several days to a week. The longer duration provided more stable estimates.…”
Fair individuals spent less time in the sun and practiced more sun protective behaviors than non-fair individuals. This complex association between sun sensitivity, sun protection and sun exposure has not consistently been addressed in studies of skin cancer.
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