“…Arabidopsis mutants defective in SUMO1/2, SAE, and SCE showed embryonic lethality, while ligase- and protease-deficient mutants had physiological and developmental defects. For example, the mutated AtSIZ1, a SUMO Ligase, resulted in compromised tolerance to cold and drought, early flowering, and phosphate starvation symptoms (Ghimire et al, 2021 ). Hyper-SUMOylation under acute heat, cold, high salinity, drought, oxidative stress, and nutrient deficiency marks the conserved SUMO stress response (SSR) in plants (Miura et al, 2005 ; Catala et al, 2007 ; Chen et al, 2011 ; Ghimire et al, 2020 ; Roy and Sadanandom, 2021 ; Han et al, 2022 ).…”