Summertime aerosol volatility measurements in Beijing, China

Xu, Weiqi; Xie, Conghui; Karnezi, Eleni; Zhang, Qi; Wang, Junfeng; Pandis, Spyros Ν.; Ge, Xinlei; Zhang, Jingwei; An, Junling; Wang, Qingqing; Zhao, Jian; Du, Wei; Qiu, Yanmei; Zhou, Wei; He, Yuehui; Liu, Ying; Li, Jie; Fu, Pingqing; Wang, Zifa; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Sun, Yele

doi:10.5194/acp-19-10205-2019

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…In general, T g,org of OA in summer in Beijing (291.5 K) is larger than that in winter (289.7-290.0 K), yet it is lower than that in Europe and the U.S. (Li et al, 2020). Such differences are caused by the fact that highly volatile OA in China facilitates the partitioning of more SVOC into the particle phase compared to megacities in Europe and U.S. (Xu et al, 2019). The T g,org of FFOA/CCOA, a unique OA factor in NCP, is 285.8 K in…”

Section: Volatility Of Soa Under Different Rh Levelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These differences can be attributed to the differences in source emissions, precursors and temperature (Schervish and Donahue, 2020). To our knowledge, the volatility of OA has only been characterized in summer in NCP (Xu et al, 2019;Qiao et al, 2020), and observations in urban and rural areas during wintertime are very limited. In addition, previous studies investigated the volatility of primary OA (POA) including biomass burning, traffic and cooking emissions (May et al, 2013a;May et al, 2013b, c;Takhar et al, 2019), however, the measurements of coal combustion OA (CCOA), a dominated factor of POA in NCP (Wang et al, 2019), are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic aerosol volatility and viscosity in North China Plain: Contrast between summer and winter

Xu¹,

Chen²,

Qiu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Volatility and viscosity have substantial impacts on gas-particle partitioning, formation and evolution of aerosol, and hence the predictions of aerosol related air quality and climate effects. Here aerosol volatility and viscosity at a rural site (Gucheng) and an urban site (Beijing) in North China Plain (NCP) in summer and winter were investigated by using a thermodenuder coupled with high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer. The effective saturation concentration (C*) of organic aerosol (OA) in summer was smaller than that in winter (0.55 μg m−3 vs. 0.71–0.75 μg m−3), indicating that OA in winter in NCP is more volatile due to enhanced primary emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. The volatility distributions varied largely different among different OA factors. In particular, we found that hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) contained more non-volatile compounds compared to coal combustion related OA. The more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) showed overall lower volatility than less oxidized OOA (LO-OOA) in both summer and winter, yet the volatility of MO-OOA was found to be relative humidity (RH) dependent showing more volatile properties at higher RH. Our results demonstrated the different composition and chemical formation pathways of MO-OOA under different RH levels. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscosity of OA in summer and winter are estimated using the recently developed parameterization formula. Our results showed that the Tg of OA in summer in Beijing (291.5 K) was higher than that in winter (289.7–290.0 K), while it varied greatly among different OA factors. The viscosity suggested that OA existed mainly as solid in winter in Beijing, but as semi-solids in Beijing in summer and Gucheng in winter. These results have important implications that kinetically limited gas-particle partitioning may need to be considered when simulating secondary OA formation in NCP.

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Section: Volatility Of Soa Under Different Rh Levelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic aerosol volatility and viscosity in North China Plain: Contrast between summer and winter

Xu¹,

Chen²,

Qiu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…x ), and species associated with BC) across m/z 12-120 using the PMF Evaluation Tool written in Igor (Ulbrich et al, 2009), following standard procedure (Zhang et al, 2011). Four types of organic aerosol (OA) from total NR−PM 1 (see our previous paper) ( Xu et al, 2019b) and five OA factors from BC−PM 1 were identified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of submicron organic particles in Beijing during summertime: comparison between SP-AMS and HR-AMS

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles in Beijing summer haze play an important role in the regional radiation balance and related environmental processes. Understanding the factors that lead to variability of the impacts of BC remains limited. Here, we present observations by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) of BC-containing submicron particulate matter (BC−PM1) in Beijing, China, during summer 2017. These observations were compared to concurrently measured total non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR−PM1) by a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). Distinct properties were observed between NR−PM1 and BC−PM1 relevant to organic aerosol (OA) composition. Hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) in BC−PM1 was found to be up to 2-fold higher than that in NR−PM1 in fresh vehicle emissions, suggesting that a part of HOA in BC−PM1 may be overestimated, likely due to the change of collection efficiency of SP-AMS. Cooking-related OA was only identified in NR−PM1, whereas aged biomass burning OA (A-BBOA) was a unique factor only identified in BC−PM1. The A-BBOA was linked to heavily coated BC, which may lead to enhancement of the light absorption ability of BC by a factor of 2 via the “lensing effect”. More-oxidized oxygenated OA identified in BC-containing particles was found to be slightly different from that observed by HR-AMS, mainly due to the influence of A-BBOA. Overall, these findings highlight that BC in urban Beijing is partially of agricultural fire origin and that a unique biomass-burning-related OA associated with BC may be ubiquitous in aged BC−PM1, and this OA may play a role in affecting air quality and climate that has not previously been fully considered.

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“…The field observations at the urban site were conducted in summer from 20 May to 23 June and winter from 20 November to 25 December in 2018, and at the rural site from 10 December 2019 to 13 January 2020. The set up and operations of TD and HR-AMS were similar to previous studies (Xu et al, 2019). The HR-AMS that was operated in V mode with a time resolution of 3 min was placed downstream of the TD.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of particulate organic nitrates from thermodenuder-aerosol mass spectrometer measurements in North China Plain

Xu¹,

Takeuchi²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Particulate organic nitrates (pON) are an important component of secondary organic aerosol in biogenic emission dominant environments, and play a critical role in NOx cycles. However, estimation of pON has been a challenge in polluted environments, e.g., North China Plain with high concentrations of inorganic nitrate and NOx. Here we developed a method for estimation of pON from the measurements of high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer coupled with a thermodenuder based on the volatility differences between inorganic nitrate and pON. The results generally correlated well with those estimated from positive matrix factorization of combined organic and inorganic mass spectra and from the ratio of NO+ to NO2+ (NOx+ ratio), yet had improvements in reducing negative values due to the influences of high concentration of inorganic nitrate and constant NOx+ ratio of organic nitrates (RON). By applying this approach to the measurements at an urban (Beijing) and a rural site (Gucheng) in summer and winter in North China Plain, we estimated that the average mass concentrations of NO3,org (1.8 µg m−3 vs.1.0 µg m−3) and pON to OA (27.5 % vs. 14.8 %) were higher in summer than in winter in Beijing, indicating more pON formation in biogenically and anthropogenically mixed environments. In addition, the average NO3,org loading in Gucheng was 1.9 µg m−3, and the pON at the rural site also showed higher contribution to OA than that in Beijing during wintertime due to higher primary emissions and gaseous precursors in Gucheng. In addition, RON was determined and showed considerable differences between day-night and clean-polluted periods, highlighting the complexity of pON compounds from different chemical pathways (e.g., OH and NO3 oxidation) and sources.

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Summertime aerosol volatility measurements in Beijing, China

Cited by 58 publications

References 65 publications

Organic aerosol volatility and viscosity in North China Plain: Contrast between summer and winter

Organic aerosol volatility and viscosity in North China Plain: Contrast between summer and winter

Characterization of submicron organic particles in Beijing during summertime: comparison between SP-AMS and HR-AMS

Estimation of particulate organic nitrates from thermodenuder-aerosol mass spectrometer measurements in North China Plain

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