Summertime aerosol chemical composition in the Eastern Mediterranean and its sensitivity to temperature

İm, Ulaş; Markakis, K.; Koçak, Mustafa; Gerasopoulos, E.; Daskalakis, Nikos; Mihalopoulos, N.; Poupkou, A.; Kındap, Tayfun; Ünal, Alper; Kanakidou, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.044

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The largest changes in OH levels are computed to occur over land where the emissions take place. Similar conclusions on the role of biogenic emissions and the PM 2.5 behavior have been drawn by Im et al (2012) for the summer of 2004. These results agree with the findings by Kiendler-Scharr et al (2009) who observed during plant chamber experiments decreased aerosol concentrations with increasing isoprene levels, showing that the high reactivity of isoprene with OH leads to suppression of new particle formation.…”

Section: Impact Of Regional Biogenic and Anthropogenic Emissionssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However, the simulated OC / EC ratio is lower than the observed one, most probably due to the limitations of the model in simulating the formation of SOA as described in Sect. 2 and reported by Im et al (2012). Grivas et al (2012) based on OC, EC and PM 10 observations in 2003, have indeed estimated the secondary OC contribution to OC levels in GAA to be ∼ 20 % during the cold and ∼ 30 % during the warm periods.…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Recently, Im et al (2011Im et al ( , 2012 mesoscale modeling studies have investigated the response of gaseous and particulate air pollutants to increases in air temperature during summertime, susceptible to occur during climate warming. For increasing air temperature, they found 9 ± 3 % K −1 increase in regional biogenic emissions and 0.9 ± 0.1 % K −1 increase in surface regional O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of East Mediterranean megacity emissions on air quality

İm

Kanakidou

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.Megacities are large urban agglomerations with intensive anthropogenic emissions that have significant impacts on local and regional air quality. In the present mesoscale modeling study, the impacts of anthropogenic emissions from the Greater Istanbul Area (GIA) and the Greater Athens Area (GAA) on the air quality in GIA, GAA and the entire East Mediterranean are quantified for typical wintertime (December 2008) and summertime (July 2008) conditions. They are compared to those of the regional anthropogenic and biogenic emissions that are also calculated. Finally, the efficiency of potential country-based emissions mitigation in improving air quality is investigated.The results show that relative contributions from both cities to surface ozone (O 3 ) and aerosol levels in the cities' extended areas are generally higher in winter than in summer. Anthropogenic emissions from GIA depress surface O 3 in the GIA by ∼ 60 % in winter and ∼ 20 % in summer while those from GAA reduce the surface O 3 in the GAA by 30 % in winter and by 8 % in summer. GIA and GAA anthropogenic emissions contribute to the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) levels inside the cities themselves by up to 75 % in winter and by 50 % (GIA) and ∼ 40 % (GAA), in summer. GIA anthropogenic emissions have larger impacts on the domain-mean surface O 3 (up to 1 %) and PM 2.5 (4 %) levels compared to GAA anthropogenic emissions (< 1 % for O 3 and ≤ 2 % for PM 2.5 ) in both seasons. Impacts of regional anthropogenic emissions on the domain-mean surface pollutant levels (up to 17 % for summertime O 3 and 52 % for wintertime fine particulate matter, PM 2.5 ) are much higher than those from Istanbul and Athens together (∼ 1 % for O 3 and ∼ 6 % for PM 2.5 , respectively). Regional biogenic emissions are found to limit the production of secondary inorganic aerosol species in summer up to 13 % (non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO 2− 4 ) in rural Athens) due to their impact on oxidant levels while they have negligible impact in winter.Finally, the responses to country-based anthropogenic emission mitigation scenarios inside the studied region show increases in O 3 mixing ratios in the urban areas of GIA and GAA, higher in winter (∼ 13 % for GIA and 2 % for GAA) than in summer (∼ 7 % for GIA and < 1 % for GAA). On the opposite PM 2.5 concentrations decrease by up to 30 % in GIA and by 20 % in GAA with the highest improvements computed for winter. The emission reduction strategy also leads to domain-wide decreases in most primary pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) or nitrogen oxides (NO x ) for both seasons. The results show the importance of long range transport of pollutants for the air quality in the East Mediterranean. Thus, improvements of air quality in the East Mediterranean require coordinated efforts inside the region and beyond.

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Section: Impact Of Regional Biogenic and Anthropogenic Emissionssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of East Mediterranean megacity emissions on air quality

İm

Kanakidou

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…It is well established that ozone and certain particulate matter species are sensitive to temperature changes (Fiore et al, 2012;Im et al, 2011Im et al, , 2012Jacob and Winner, 2009;Megaritis et al, 2014). Menut et al (2003) using an adjoint model studied the sensitivity of ozone concentrations at the afternoon peak to numerous model processes and inputs for a typical summer episode in Paris and found that temperature and wind speed were the most influential parameters to the observed changes.…”

Section: Description Of the Sensitivity Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology

Markakis

Valari

Perrussel³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. While previous research helped to identify and prioritize the sources of error in air-quality modeling due to anthropogenic emissions and spatial scale effects, our knowledge is limited on how these uncertainties affect climateforced air-quality assessments. Using as reference a 10-year model simulation over the greater Paris (France) area at 4 km resolution and anthropogenic emissions from a 1 km resolution bottom-up inventory, through several tests we estimate the sensitivity of modeled ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations to different potentially influential factors with a particular interest over the urban areas. These factors include the model horizontal and vertical resolution, the meteorological input from a climate model and its resolution, the use of a top-down emission inventory, the resolution of the emissions input and the post-processing coefficients used to derive the temporal, vertical and chemical split of emissions. We show that urban ozone displays moderate sensitivity to the resolution of emissions (∼ 8 %), the post-processing method (6.5 %) and the horizontal resolution of the air-quality model (∼ 5 %), while annual PM 2.5 levels are particularly sensitive to changes in their primary emissions (∼ 32 %) and the resolution of the emission inventory (∼ 24 %). The air-quality model horizontal and vertical resolution have little effect on model predictions for the specific study domain. In the case of modeled ozone concentrations, the implementation of refined input data results in a consistent decrease (from 2.5 up to 8.3 %), mainly due to inhibition of the titration rate by nitrogen oxides. Such consistency is not observed for PM 2.5 . In contrast this consistency is not observed for PM 2.5 . In addition we use the results of these sensitivities to explain and quantify the discrepancy between a coarse (∼ 50 km) and a fine (4 km) resolution simulation over the urban area. We show that the ozone bias of the coarse run (+9 ppb) is reduced by ∼ 40 % by adopting a higher resolution emission inventory, by 25 % by using a post-processing technique based on the local inventory (same improvement is obtained by increasing model horizontal resolution) and by 10 % by adopting the annual emission totals of the local inventory. The bias of PM 2.5 concentrations follows a more complex pattern, with the positive values associated with the coarse run (+3.6 µg m −3 ), increasing or decreasing depending on the type of the refinement. We conclude that in the case of fine particles, the coarse simulation cannot selectively incorporate local-scale features in order to reduce its error.

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“…On the other hand, AOD and other aerosol optical properties have been studied over the greater Eastern Mediterranean region based on data from Meteosat (Moulin et al, 1998), SeaWIFS (Koren et al, 2003;Antoine and Nobileau, 2006;Mélin et al, 2007;Nabat et al, 2013), TOMS (Alpert and Ganor, 2001;Israelevich et al, 2002;Koukouli et al, 2006Koukouli et al, , 2010Israelevich et al, 2012, Kaskaoutis et al, 2012aNabat et al, 2013;Gkikas et al, 2013Gkikas et al, , 2014Varga et al, 2014), MODIS Terra and Aqua (Barnaba and Gobbi, 2004;Papayannis et al, 2005;Kaskaoutis et al, , 2008Kaskaoutis et al, , 2010Kaskaoutis et al, , 2011Kaskaoutis et al, , 2012aPapadimas et al, 2008Papadimas et al, , 2009Rudich et al, 2008;Carmona and Alpert, 2009;Karnieli et al, 2009;Gkikas et al, , 2013El-Metwally et al, 2010;Koukouli et al, 2010;Kanakidou et al, 2011;Gerasopoulos et al, 2011;de Meij and Lelieveld, 2011;Marey et al, 2011;de Meij et al, 2012;Nabat et al, 2012Nabat et al, , 2013Nikitidou and Kazantzidis, 2013;Athanassiou et al, 2013;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variability and contribution of different aerosol types to the aerosol optical depth over the Eastern Mediterranean

et al. 2016

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This study characterizes the spatiotemporal variability and relative contribution of different types of aerosols to the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over the Eastern Mediterranean as derived from MODIS Terra (3/2000-12/2012) and Aqua (7/2002-12/2012) satellite instruments. For this purpose, a 0.1° × 0.1° gridded MODIS dataset was compiled and validated against sunphotometric observations from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). The high spatial resolution and long temporal coverage of the dataset allows for the determination of local hot spots like megacities, medium sized cities, industrial zones, and power plant complexes, seasonal variabilities, and decadal averages. The average AOD at 550 nm (AOD) for the entire region is ~ 0.22 ± 0.19 with maximum values in summer and seasonal variabilities that can be attributed to precipitation, photochemical production of secondary organic aerosols, transport of pollution and smoke from biomass burning in Central and Eastern Europe, and transport of dust from the Sahara Desert and the Middle East. The MODIS data were analyzed together with data from other satellite sensors, reanalysis projects and a chemistry-aerosol-transport model using an optimized algorithm tailored for the region and capable of estimating the contribution of different aerosol types to the total AOD. The spatial and temporal variability of anthropogenic, dust and fine mode natural aerosols over land and anthropogenic, dust and marine aerosols over the sea is examined. The relative contribution of the different aerosol types to the total AOD exhibits a low/high seasonal variability over land/sea areas, respectively. Overall, anthropogenic aerosols, dust and fine mode natural aerosols account for ~ 51 %, ~ 34 % and ~ 15 % of the total AOD over land, while, anthropogenic aerosols, dust and marine aerosols account ~ 40 %, ~ 34 % and ~ 26 % of the total AOD over the sea, based on MODIS Terra and Aqua observations.

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Summertime aerosol chemical composition in the Eastern Mediterranean and its sensitivity to temperature

Cited by 51 publications

References 50 publications

Impacts of East Mediterranean megacity emissions on air quality

Impacts of East Mediterranean megacity emissions on air quality

Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology

Spatiotemporal variability and contribution of different aerosol types to the aerosol optical depth over the Eastern Mediterranean

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