Summer temperature variation and implications for juvenile Atlantic salmon

Mather, Martha E.; Parrish, Donna L.; Campbell, Cara A.; McMenemy, James R.; Smith, Joseph M.

doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9271-2

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Similarly, the positive interaction term in our model between mainstem temperature and diel mainstem variation indicates that the role of fluctuating temperatures is more pronounced at higher temperatures, and is likely due to the fact that the mainstem is reaching higher daily maxima, often near or exceeding upper incipient lethal temperatures for O. mykiss (25.68C; Hokanson et al 1977). While there are a number of lab studies emphasizing the importance of diel temperature variation, few studies have shown the potential importance of diel variation in influencing behavior and habitat use in the field (but see Wehrly et al 2007 andMather et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal temperature variation influences juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges

Brewitt¹,

Danner²

2014

Ecosphere

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Citation: Brewitt, K. S., and E. M. Danner. 2014. Spatio-temporal temperature variation influences juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges. Ecosphere 5(7):92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00036.1Abstract. Thermal refuges form potentially critical habitat for species at the limits of their thermal tolerance, especially given large-scale habitat degradation and rising temperatures across ecosystems. The Klamath River is a highly altered system where summer mainstem temperatures reach levels that are physiologically stressful to threatened Pacific salmonid populations, making thermal refuges critical for over-summer survival when temperatures near upper thermal thresholds. Small changes in water temperature can have a large effect on salmonid growth and survival, and therefore fine-scale spatiotemporal temperature variation could influence when and where refuges are important for both individual survival and population persistence. In this study, we combined monitoring of environmental variables with measures of fish temperature (a proxy for refuge use) to quantify juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges. We used a logistic mixed effects model to determine the relative influence of instantaneous mainstem temperature and flow, sub-daily temperature variation, body size, and time of day on steelhead refuge use. Mainstem temperature was the strongest predictor of refuge use; the majority (.80%) of juvenile steelhead moved into refuges when mainstem temperatures reached 22-238C, and all fish moved in by 258C. Fish were more likely to use refuges with increased diel mainstem temperature variation and larger temperature differential between the mainstem and tributary. In addition, steelhead exhibited a distinct diel behavioral shift in refuge use that varied with body size; smaller juveniles (;160 mm) were much more likely to use refuges during the night than day, whereas larger juveniles (;210 mm) exhibited a much less pronounced diel behavioral shift. Given impacts of watershed alteration and climate change and the growing importance of refuge habitat, these findings suggest that species persistence may depend on extremely fine-scale spatial and temporal temperature dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal temperature variation influences juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges

Brewitt¹,

Danner²

2014

Ecosphere

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“…Nonetheless, ecologically important within -and between -year variability in hydrological and thermal regime can be overlooked when focusing on annual averages (e.g. Tetzlaff et al 2005 ;Mather et al 2008 ). Brief, intense abiotic disturbances (e.g.…”

Section: Eggs and A Levinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Todd

Friedland

MacLean

et al. 2010

Atlantic Salmon Ecology

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Recent and projected climate changes -both in the freshwater and marine environments exploited by Atlantic salmon -present considerable adaptive challenges to many populations. In assessing the predictions and possible impacts of overall climate change, we focus in fresh water on precipitation, river discharge and temperature, whilst for the marine environment we highlight the interactions between temperature, size/growth -mediated predation and shifts in prey assemblages. Changes in seasonal temperature and fl ow regime will probably exert complex or confl icting interactions for particular river stocks in terms of freshwater survivorship, growth, smoltifi cation and timing of emigration. Ocean temperature changes will directly affect early post -smolt survivorship and indirectly infl uence prey availability and hence longer -term survivorship, growth, maturation and spawning run -timing. It is of immediate concern that most salmon stock abundances presently are at historical lows, but perhaps the greatest uncertainty in projecting their future health lies in our poor understanding of the genetic and ecological adaptability of populations in relation to the likely rate(s) of environmental change. Against the backdrop of a rapidly changing environment, a precautionary approach to managing salmon populations should be holistic and integrative of both the marine and freshwater environments, and should include the maintenance of their genetic variability and integrity.

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“…While the use of thermal refuges by Pacific salmonid species has been given considerable attention (e.g. Baird & Krueger 2003;Breau et al 2007;Petty et al 2012), as rivers in eastern Canada and the United States regularly attain or exceed temperatures in excess of the upper critical limit for salmon and trout (Lund et al 2002;Mather et al 2008;Jeong et al 2012). Baird & Krueger 2003;Breau et al 2007;Petty et al 2012), as rivers in eastern Canada and the United States regularly attain or exceed temperatures in excess of the upper critical limit for salmon and trout (Lund et al 2002;Mather et al 2008;Jeong et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main stem movement of Atlantic salmon parr in response to high river temperature

Dugdale

Franssen

Corey

et al. 2015

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Atlantic salmon become thermally stressed when water temperatures exceed 23°C. To alleviate this stress, they behaviourally thermoregulate by moving to patches of cold water, often forming large aggregations. These patches are known as thermal refuges. Given the consensus that climate change will increase temperatures in Atlantic salmon catchments, thermal refuges will become increasingly important in minimising summer mortalities. While the behaviour of salmonids within thermal refuges is fairly well understood, less is known about their main stem movement in search of thermal refuges or its thermal and temporal cues. We detail the results of a PIT telemetry study to investigate the main stem movement behaviour of thermally stressed Atlantic salmon parr in a temperature-impacted river. PIT antennas placed around two thermal refuges and at the upstream and downstream limits of their surrounding reach were used to record the movement of salmonids during a heatwave. We observed parr movement at the upstream and downstream antennas 135 min prior to the occurrence of the midpoint of aggregations in the thermal refuges, indicating that Atlantic salmon parr make reach-scale movements in search of cool water prior to aggregating. Logistic regression showed that the number of degree hours >28°C predicted the occurrence of main stem movement with a good degree of accuracy, indicating that this temperature represents a fundamental threshold causing Atlantic salmon parr to move towards cool water. Such data could be instrumental in allowing river managers to place limits on human activity within rivers, allowing salmon populations time to recover following heat stress events.

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Summer temperature variation and implications for juvenile Atlantic salmon

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Spatio‐temporal temperature variation influences juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges

Spatio‐temporal temperature variation influences juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use of thermal refuges

Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments

Main stem movement of Atlantic salmon parr in response to high river temperature

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