Summer jobs reduce violence among disadvantaged youth

Heller, Sara

doi:10.1126/science.1257809

Cited by 129 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…There is recent evidence that high-quality (i.e., low-conflict, high-emotional-closeness) relationships between children and care givers can reduce conduct problems, including peer violence, years later even holding constant family income, children's earlier conduct problems, and parenting styles (Ingoldsby, Shelleby, Lane, & Shaw, 2012). Summer employment mentoring programs may have the same effects prior to serious offending (Heller, 2014). Nevertheless, reducing the forces that encourage youth violence will require concerted efforts by police, parents, and other adults to avoid the debilitating effects of involvement with the juvenile justice system that treats poor and minority youth harshly and ensnares them (Rios, 2011).…”

Section: Preventing Shootings In Schools and Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know.

Bushman¹,

Newman²,

Calvert³

et al. 2016

American Psychologist

135

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School shootings tear the fabric of society. In the wake of a school shooting, parents, pediatricians, policymakers, politicians, and the public search for "the" cause of the shooting. But there is no single cause. The causes of school shootings are extremely complex. After the Sandy Hook Elementary School rampage shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, we wrote a report for the National Science Foundation on what is known and not known about youth violence. This article summarizes and updates that report. After distinguishing violent behavior from aggressive behavior, we describe the prevalence of gun violence in the United States and age-related risks for violence. We delineate important differences between violence in the context of rare rampage school shootings, and much more common urban street violence. Acts of violence are influenced by multiple factors, often acting together. We summarize evidence on some major risk factors and protective factors for youth violence, highlighting individual and contextual factors, which often interact. We consider new quantitative "data mining" procedures that can be used to predict youth violence perpetrated by groups and individuals, recognizing critical issues of privacy and ethical concerns that arise in the prediction of violence. We also discuss implications of the current evidence for reducing youth violence, and we offer suggestions for future research. We conclude by arguing that the prevention of youth violence should be a national priority.

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Section: Preventing Shootings In Schools and Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know.

Bushman¹,

Newman²,

Calvert³

et al. 2016

American Psychologist

135

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“…A recent study in the United States found that on-the-job training and mentoring programs for at-risk youth had reduced the violent crime rate by 43% (Heller, 2014). The analysis also revealed that the impact of the intervention increased with the passage of time, so that 16 months out, it was seven times greater than it was right after the program ended.…”

Section: Box 41 "Unexpected" Impacts Of On-the-job Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Empleos para crecer

Alaimo¹,

Bosch²,

Kaplan³

et al. 2015

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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any non-commercial purpose. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. Note that link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the licenseThe opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. SECOND EDITIONThis edition includes some changes from the formatting of the fi rst edition. Changes in the calculation of non-wage costs have also been introduced, affecting Figures 2.6-2.10, 4.5, and 5.7. These changes are due to several adjustments that can be summarized as follows: 1. the inclusion of contributions to training institutions in Nicaragua and Paraguay; 2. changes in taxable income for the calculation of premiums (gross income in some cases and income net of the additional year-end bonus in others); 3. adjustments in the upper and lower thresholds for determining taxable income, which affect the calculation of the total contribution rate (as established by law, largely dependent on the minimum wage).Furthermore, specifi c adjustments were made for some countries. In Nicaragua, the advance notice penalty was eliminated, as it is not provided for in labor law, and in Jamaica, an adjustment was made in the working population obtained from the Labour Force Survey (which was employed to calculate the 2012 GDP per worker).In Figure 5.2, the indicator labeled "other special costs in the event of collective dismissals" for Nicaragua (Item 21 in the calculation of the "protection against collective dismissals of regular workers" indicator) was adjusted from 0 to 0.5. Finally, small changes were made in Figure 2.17, as in some countries, the rate refl ected the percentage of employees who received job training out of the total population (15-64 years old) rather than out of employees of the same age group. Jamaica was excluded from this Figure, since the survey only contains data for the inactive population.The Spanish acronym for youths who are neither in education nor working is "NINIs"; the usual English acronym refers to youths "not in education, employment, or training" (or "NEETs"). However, translating NINIs as NEETs would not be accurate, as the household surveys in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) do not capture whether people are enrolled in training institutions. Therefore, this book does not use the standard English acronym NEET. The same applies to youths who are "neith...

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“…In a recent study conducted by the University of Chicago's Crime Lab (Heller, 2014;Ingmire, 2014) and as a "powerful idea" in a recent documentary by Academy…”

Section: Prevention [Ojjdp] 2015a) Youth Who Have Spent Their Formamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High rates of violent crime in the city of Chicago and its surrounding neighborhoods prompted her to seek interventions that could interrupt the trajectory toward a criminal future (Heller, 2014).…”

Section: Instructional Programs Targeting Competencies For Employabilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Easing Reentry of Incarcerated Youth With and Without Disabilities Through Employability and Social Skills Training

VanderPyl¹

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School of Educational Studies EASING REENTRY OF INCARCERATED YOUTH © Taryn VanderPyl All Rights Reserved EASING REENTRY OF INCARCERATED YOUTH APPROVAL OF THE REVIEW COMMITTEEThis dissertation has been duly read, reviewed, and critiqued by the Committee listed below, which hereby approves the manuscript of Taryn VanderPyl as fulfilling the scope and quality requirements for meriting the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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Summer jobs reduce violence among disadvantaged youth

Cited by 129 publications

References 55 publications

Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know.

Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know.

Empleos para crecer

Easing Reentry of Incarcerated Youth With and Without Disabilities Through Employability and Social Skills Training

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