Summative Analysis of Nine Common North American Woods

Kaar, William E.; Brink, David L.

doi:10.1080/02773819108051088

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For fresh wood, our results for sugar yields and molar distribution are in reasonable agreement with previous studies of Douglas-fir (Cowie and Hedges 1984;Kaar and Brink 1991;Willför et al 2005) (Table 3) and validate the use of solution 13 C NMR for the latter analysis. Little data could be located for bark, but rather similar results were obtained for neutral sugar composition of a hollocellulose fraction from the inner bark of Douglas-fir (Laver et al 1974).…”

Section: Sugar Yields and Monosaccharide Compositionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Decomposition and change in N and organic composition of small-diameter Douglas-fir woody debris over 23 years

2012

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Managing second-growth forests for multiple benefits requires enhanced information on decomposition of woody debris generated during forestry operations. Experimental thinning and biomass sampling at the Shawnigan Lake Research Forest on southern Vancouver Island facilitated retrospective sampling of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stem sections (4.9-21.5 cm diameter) from 0 to 23 years after cutting. A sigmoidal pattern of density loss was observed, while a single-exponential fit gave a decay rate (k) of 0.058 year -1 . Initial N concentrations were higher in bark than in sapwood and heartwood, and all increased during decay, while C/N ratios declined to around 175 for wood and 70 for bark. Nitrogen contents initially increased but tended to decline after about 50% C loss. Solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed little change in organic composition, consistent with white-rot fungal decay, with only a few 19-year samples showing large increases in lignin typical of extensive brown-rot decay. Hydrolyzable monosaccharides of wood and bark were dominated by glucose followed by mannose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose. For wood, the mole fraction of mannose decreased with decomposition, whereas those of glucose, arabinose, and galactose increased slightly and that of xylose remained constant for both brown and white rot. Our results support indications that decomposition of smaller diameter woody debris from managed conifer forests will likely be dominated by white-rot fungi, leaving residues high in cellulose rather than in lignin.Résumé : L'aménagement des forêts de seconde venue à des fins multiples exige de meilleures connaissances au sujet de la décomposition des débris ligneux produits lors des opérations forestières. Une éclaircie expérimentale et un échantillonnage de la biomasse à la forêt expérimentale du lac Shawnigan au sud de l'île de Vancouver a facilité l'échantillonnage rétrospec-tif de sections de tige (4,9-21,5 cm de diamètre) de douglas vert (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) 0 à 23 ans après la coupe. Une distribution sigmoïdale de la perte de densité a été observée alors qu'une courbe exponentielle simple donnait une valeur du taux de décomposition (k) de 0,058 an -1 . La concentration initiale de N était plus élevée dans l'écorce que dans le bois d'aubier et le bois de coeur et elle a augmenté partout dans le bois en décomposition tandis que le rapport C/N a diminué jusqu'à environ 175 dans le bois et 70 dans l'écorce. La teneur en N a initialement augmenté mais elle avait tendance à diminuer lorsque la perte de C dépassait 50%. La spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire du 13 C à l'état solide a montré qu'il y avait peu de changement dans la composition organique, ce qui est cohérent avec la décomposition par les champignons de carie blanche, tandis que seulement quelques échantillons de 19 ans montraient une augmentation importante de la lignine typique d'une carie brune avancée. Les monosaccharides hydrolysables du bois et de l'écorce ét...

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Section: Sugar Yields and Monosaccharide Compositionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Decomposition and change in N and organic composition of small-diameter Douglas-fir woody debris over 23 years

2012

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“…Acetyl content was calculated as the acetic acid content multiplied by 0.7. These factors were calculated based on water addition to polysaccharides during acid hydrolysis [30][31][32][33]. Table 1 shows the composition of the screened and non-screened bagasse.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Bagasse Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Between Lime and Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatments of Sugarcane Bagasse for Ethanol Production

Rabelo

Filho

Costa

2007

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Pretreatment procedures of sugarcane bagasse with lime (calcium hydroxide) or alkaline hydrogen peroxide were evaluated and compared. Analyses were performed using 2(3) factorial designs, with pretreatment time, temperature, and lime loading and hydrogen peroxide concentration as factors. The responses evaluated were the yield of total reducing sugars (TRS) and glucose released from pretreated bagasse after enzymatic hydrolysis. Experiments were performed using the bagasse, as it comes from an alcohol/sugar factory and bagasse, in the size, range from 0.248 to 1.397 mm (12-60 mesh). The results show that, when hexoses and pentoses are of interest, lime should be the pretreatment agent chosen, as high TRS yields are obtained for non-screened bagasse using 0.40 g lime/g dry biomass at 70 degrees C for 36 h. When the product of interest is glucose, the best results were obtained with lime pretreatment of screened bagasse. However, the results for alkaline peroxide and lime pretreatments of non-screened bagasse are not very different.

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“…Polymeric glucan and xylan were calculated as the contents of monomeric glucose and xylose multiplied by 0.9 and 0.88, respectively. 6,14,15 The soluble lignin concentration in the ®ltrate was determined by measuring the absorbance at 205 nm and using the value of 105 dm 3 g À1 cm À1 as absorptivity of the soluble lignin. 16 All samples were hydrolyzed in duplicate experiments.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Wood and Pulp Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organosolv delignification of white- and brown-rottedEucalyptus grandis hardwood

Ferraz¹,

Mendonça²,

Silva³

2000

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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Sound (undecayed control) and fungally-pretreated wood samples were submitted to organosolv deligni®cation. The cooking liquor used was methanol/water (78:22 v/v) containing CaCl 2 and MgSO 4 each at a concentration of 25 mmol dm À3. The cooking process was performed at 180°C for reaction times varying from 5 to 100 min. Despite some differences in the lignin removal pattern, pseudo-®rst order kinetic models permitted a prediction of deligni®cation rate constants for all experiments. All biodegraded samples provided higher deligni®cation rate constants than the undecayed control (2.0 Â 10 À2 min À1 for the undecayed control and, for example, 14.2 Â 10 À2 min À1 for the sample decayed by Trametes versicolor for 2.5 months). Biodegraded samples also presented signi®cantly increased xylan removal rates. The type of biodegradation affected the behavior of wood samples under organosolv pulping. The highest deligni®cation and xylan removal rate constants were observed in the sample decayed by T versicolor for 2.5 months (17% weight loss). However, high deligni®cation and xylan removal rate constants were also observed in the sample decayed by Punctularia artropurpurascens for only 0.5 months (1.2% weight loss). Data obtained from a single fungal species pretreatment or data from all fungal pretreatments indicated that there is no clear correlation between the deligni®cation constants and the wood weight or component losses. This lack of correlation suggested that the structure of residual polymers in decayed wood affects the deligni®cation process in the organosolv pulping more than the removal extent of each individual component.

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Summative Analysis of Nine Common North American Woods

Cited by 32 publications

References 5 publications

Decomposition and change in N and organic composition of small-diameter Douglas-fir woody debris over 23 years

Decomposition and change in N and organic composition of small-diameter Douglas-fir woody debris over 23 years

A Comparison Between Lime and Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatments of Sugarcane Bagasse for Ethanol Production

Organosolv delignification of white- and brown-rottedEucalyptus grandis hardwood

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