Summated Response of the Retina to Light Entering Different Parts of the Pupil*

Enoch, Jay M.

doi:10.1364/josa.48.000392

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The significant feature of the data is that there is no comparable decrease for the ramp stimuli, even though both overall width W 2 and apparent width were increased. Ramp stimuli have been found perceptually dimmer and less visible than step stimuli (Enoch, 1958;Thomas & Kovar, 1965). Apparently, this reduction in visibility counteracted the area-intensity relationship seen in the data for the step stimuli.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Another type of explanation is possible, however, that involves spatial interactions and their effects either upon the distribution of sensation magnitudes (von Bekesy, 1960) or upon the determination of which of several receptive-field mechanisms responds to the stimulus (Thomas, 1968b;Thomas, Rourke, & Wilder, 1968). The threshold explanation is perhaps more parsimonious, but the interaction hypotheses have the advantage in that they can also account for the changes in brightness and detectability that accompany changes in the sharpness of edge-gradients (Enoch, 1958;Thomas & Kovar, 1965). In the present study, the perceived widths of foveally viewed stimuli with ramp-like edges were measured by a size-matching procedure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

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Effect of ramp-like contours upon perceived size and detection threshold

Thomas

Kerr

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of ramp-like contours upon perceived size and detection threshold

Thomas

Kerr

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…[39][40][41]. In these studies, duration of recovery of photoreceptor orientation (SCE x-peak) from this source of traction was found to be of the order of a minute or perhaps a bit longer.…”

Section: The Shorter Set Of Recovery Responsesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Traction centered nasal to the optic nerve head in high myopic observers

Chang

Ling

Seu

et al. 2009

Journal of Modern Optics

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Measuring the Stiles-Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE-1), we determined effects of tractional strains caused by serial Opto-Kinetic Nystagmus (OKN) stimuli in myopic observers (near-sighted or short-sighted) just nasal to the optic disc. Responses were recorded in high myopes with and without myopic supertraction and in low myopes. SCE-1 was measured before, just after, and following recovery from serial OKN stimuli at 22 Temporal Visual Field (TVF). Previously, this site was identified as near the locus of greatest retinal traction in high myopic observers. Testing was photopic and within the linear portion of the Weber function. A modest increase was found in measured SCE-1 thresholds (¼ sensitivity reduced) immediately after serial OKN stimuli. SCE-1 functions were flatter; their peaks were transiently altered, and shifted in the opposite direction to OKN-induced saccades. Recovery occurred within a few minutes. Transients in photoreceptor alignments and sensitivity (triggered by OKN-return saccadic eye movements) occurred near 22 TVF in the nasal retina in all subjects measured. Differences existed between short and longer-term photoreceptor alignments.

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“…This reducesthe effect of small eye movements as the rate of change of luminance is less across a blurred contour than it is across a sharp one. There are also data from Enoch (1958) and Thomas and Kovar (1965) showing that perceived figure-ground contrast is reduced as the sharpness of the boundary separating figure from ground is decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Temporal and spatial factors in the fading of diffuse visual images

Kirkwood

1968

Perception & Psychophysics

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Fig. 1. Taqet patterns used in the exC DCDGD RESULTS Similar results were obtained from both Ss. The data have therefore been combined and the averaged results shown in Figs. 2 and 3. All persistence times refer to the initial disappearance of contour following the start of each experimental run; loss of contour vision is usually brief and can be restored by S blinking or making gross eye movements (Kirkwood, 1967). Equating opaque areas in this way permits evaluation of the effect of configuration largely unconfounded by variations in opaque area, although the physical contrast of the smaller dark regions is also reduced relative to the large opaque areas due to the scattering of light within the cap. Pattern F, the lattice, and G the short line in the central field were designed to investigate differential fading in the foveal and peripheral regions.The Ss were two young adults in good physical health with no readily detectable visual defects. The left eye was used for all observations, the right being occluded by a patch. The S was instructed to report verbally when a uniform gray field was perceived, except for figure G where the criterion was disappearance of the central line. At the beginning of each trial the eye was closed for 10 sec, S then opened his eye, the stroboscope started and E measured the time between eye opening and the report of contour fading. Seven flicker rates were used: 1.2,5.4, 9.5, 13.5, 22, 38, and 72 cps, run in random order. A total of 16 observations were made with each pattern at each flicker rate, except for pattern A where 24 observations were made under each condition.At the end of the main experiment the critical flicker fusion frequency (cft) was determined by the method of ascending and descending series. In this part of the experiment the eye was covered by a plain translucent eye cap. The mean cff was 39.06 cps, (S.E.M =0.865) on the basis of 16 observations.

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Summated Response of the Retina to Light Entering Different Parts of the Pupil*

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of ramp-like contours upon perceived size and detection threshold

Effect of ramp-like contours upon perceived size and detection threshold

Traction centered nasal to the optic nerve head in high myopic observers

Temporal and spatial factors in the fading of diffuse visual images

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