Summary report on the development of a cement-based formula to immobilize Hanford facility waste

Laboratory stabilizations/solidification of tank sludges: MVST/BVEST

“…When a grout is poured and allowed to remain static, the binding and pozzolanic agents (cement, fly ash, slag) tend to settle under gravity and buoyancy, displacing a drainable liquid to the grout surface (phase separation, bleed water, free-standing liquid, or free water). Gilliam et al, 1987;Spence, 1984) Traditionally, two methods have been used to control this free-water generation: (1) increasing the solids/ liquid mix ratio, or, inversely, decreasing the liquid, or water/solids ratio (W/S) and (2) adding gel clays. Gel clays disperse in water and form a thick, stable colloidal gel when mixing ceases.…”

Grout and Vitrification Formula Development for Immobilization of Hazardous Radioactive Tank Sludges at ORNL

“…'^.^^ Agents used in treating wastes include cements (including portland and jet cements), lime, fly ash (both Class F and C), ground-granulated blast furnace slag, sodium silicate, various clays, and additives and reagents too numerous to list, including several proprietary reagents. The stabilizing capabilities of Indian Red Pottery Clay (IRPC) for 13'Cs and of cement-fly ash for " S r have been well established over the last three decades at In addition, ground-granulated blast furnace slag has proven reducing capabilities29 to stabilize chromates and has demonstrated excellent stabilization of mercury in previously 0~~~. 2 5 -2 8…”