Summary of the FESAC Transformative Enabling Capabilities Panel Report

Maingi, R.; Lumsdaine, Arnold; Allain, Jean Paul; Chacòn, Luis; Gourlay, S.A.; Greenfield, C. M.; Hughes, J.W.; Humphreys, D.A.; Izzo, V.A.; McLean, H. S.; Ménard, J.; Merrill, B.J.; Rapp, J.; Schmitz, O.; Spadaccini, Chris; Wang, Z.; White, Anne; Wirth, Brian D.

doi:10.1080/15361055.2019.1565912

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As a closing remark to this section, we recognize that along with the HEP community, the fusion community has consistently identified REBCO high-field magnets as a transformative enabling technology for the magnetic fusion devices towards energy generation [203][204][205][206][207][208][209]. With the strong synergy between the high-field accelerator and fusion magnets [19,142,210], the research needs discussed here can also be leveraged for the development of high-field fusion conductors and magnets (Table 2).…”

Section: How To Determine the Performance Of A Long Multi-tape Rebco mentioning

confidence: 88%

Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

2019

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To enable the physics research that continues to deepen our understanding of the Universe, future circular colliders will require a critical and unique instrument—magnets that can generate a dipole field of 20 T and above. However, today’s maturing magnet technology for low-temperature superconductors (Nb-Ti and Nb 3 Sn) can lead to a maximum dipole field of around 16 T. High-temperature superconductors such as REBCO can, in principle, generate higher dipole fields but significant challenges exist for both conductor and magnet technology. To address these challenges, several critical research needs, including direct needs on instrumentation and measurements, are identified to push for the maximum dipole fields a REBCO accelerator magnet can generate. We discuss the research needs by reviewing the current results and outlining the perspectives for future technology development, followed by a brief update on the status of the technology development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We present a roadmap for the next decade to develop 20 T-class REBCO accelerator magnets as an enabling instrument for future energy-frontier accelerator complex.

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Section: How To Determine the Performance Of A Long Multi-tape Rebco mentioning

confidence: 88%

Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

2019

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“…This class of problems includes parameter estimation (Tarantola, 2005) and optimal control (Zhou et al, 1996). Solving inverse problems is integral in determining the age of the universe (Freedman et al, 2001), measuring the amount of dark matter (Padmanabhan & White, 2009), detecting gravitational waves (George & Huerta, 2018b), controlling plasma flows (Maingi et al, 2019), searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (Agostini et al, 2013;Aalseth et al, 2018), reconstructing particle trajectories and energies (Belayneh et al, 2020), and testing general relativity (Dyson et al, 1920;Kraniotis & Whitehouse, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Gradients for Deep Learning

Holl¹,

Koltun²,

Thuerey³

2021

Preprint

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Solving inverse problems, such as parameter estimation and optimal control, is a vital part of science. Many experiments repeatedly collect data and employ machine learning algorithms to quickly infer solutions to the associated inverse problems. We find that state-of-the-art training techniques are not well-suited to many problems that involve physical processes since the magnitude and direction of the gradients can vary strongly. We propose a novel hybrid training approach that combines higher-order optimization methods with machine learning techniques. We replace the gradient of the physical process by a new construct, referred to as the physical gradient. This also allows us to introduce domain knowledge into training by incorporating priors about the solution space into the gradients. We demonstrate the capabilities of our method on a variety of canonical physical systems, showing that physical gradients yield significant improvements on a wide range of optimization and learning problems.

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“…2016; Maingi et al. 2019). Robust efforts are ongoing to deploy HTS technology towards large-bore high-field magnets for magnetic fusion energy applications (Sorbom et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to copper, HTS (and LTS) offer the benefit of significantly reduced energy dissipation within the magnet, enabling continuous operation at higher magnetic field. Naturally, these attributes of HTS are opening new opportunities for applications that benefit from improved magnets (Haught et al 2007;Fietz et al 2013;Whyte et al 2016;Maingi et al 2019). Robust efforts are ongoing to deploy HTS technology towards large-bore high-field magnets for magnetic fusion energy applications (Sorbom et al 2015;Sykes et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-planar coil winding angle optimization for compatibility with non-insulated high-temperature superconducting magnets

Paz-Soldan

2020

J. Plasma Phys.

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The rapidly emerging technology of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) opens new opportunities for the development of non-planar non-insulated HTS magnets. This type of HTS magnet offers attractive features via its simplicity and robustness, and is well suited for modest size steady-state applications such as a mid-scale stellarator. In non-planar coil applications the HTS tape may be subject to severe hard-way bending strain ( $\epsilon _{\textrm {bend}}$ ), torsional strains ( $\epsilon _{\textrm {tor}}$ ) and magnetic field components transverse to the HTS tape plane ( $B_{\perp }$ ), all of which can limit the magnet operating space. A novel method of winding angle optimization is here presented to overcome these limitations for fixed input non-planar coil filamentary geometry. Essentially, this method: (i) calculates the peak $\epsilon _{\textrm {bend}}$ and $B_{\perp }$ for arbitrary winding angle along an input coil filamentary trajectory, (ii) defines a cost function including both and then (iii) uses tensioned splines to define a winding angle that reduces $\epsilon _{\textrm {tor}}$ and optimizes the $\epsilon _{\textrm {bend}}$ and $B_{\perp }$ cost function. As strain limits are present even without $B_{\perp }$ , this optimization is able to provide an assessment of the minimum buildable size of an arbitrary non-planar non-insulating HTS coil. This optimization finds that for standard 4 mm wide HTS tapes the minimum size coils of the existing HSX, NCSX and W7-X stellarator geometries are around 0.3–0.5 m in mean coil radius. Identifying the minimum size provides a path to specify a mid-scale stellarator capable of achieving high-field or high-temperature operation with minimal HTS tape length. For coils larger than this size, strain optimization allows use of wider (higher current capacity) HTS tapes or alternatively permitting a finite (yet tolerable) strain allows reduction of $B_{\perp }$ . Reduced $B_{\perp }$ enables a reduction of the HTS tape length required to achieve a given design magnetic field or equivalently an increase in the achievable magnetic field for fixed HTS tape length. The distinct considerations for optimizing a stellarator coilset to further ease compatibility with non-insulated HTS magnets are also discussed, highlighting relaxed curvature limits and the introduction of limits to the allowable torsion.

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Summary of the FESAC Transformative Enabling Capabilities Panel Report

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

Dipole Magnets above 20 Tesla: Research Needs for a Path via High-Temperature Superconducting REBCO Conductors

Physical Gradients for Deep Learning

Non-planar coil winding angle optimization for compatibility with non-insulated high-temperature superconducting magnets

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