Summary of the 2022 Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

Abstract

Recent decades have seen the remarkable development of China in medical accessibility and quality index, and the application of a number of new advanced cardiovascular technologies benefits more patients. However, according to the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China published in this article, which was organized and summarized by National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, there is still a huge population living with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the morbidity and mortality of CVD are increasing. It is estimated that there are around 330 million patients suffering from CVD currently, including 245 million of hypertension, 13 million of stroke, 45.3 million of peripheral artery disease, 11.39 million of coronary heart disease (CHD), 8.9 million of heart failure, 5 million of pulmonary heart disease, 4.87 million of atrial fibrillation, 2.5 million of rheumatic heart disease, and 2 million of congenital heart disease. Tobacco use, diet and nutrition factors, physical activity, overweight and obesity, and psychological factors are what affect cardiovascular health, while hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, and air pollution are the risk factors for CVD. In this article, in addition to risk factors for CVD, we also report the epidemiological trends of CVD, including CHD, cerebrovascular disease, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, pulmonary vascular disease and venous thromboembolism, and aortic and peripheral artery diseases, as well as the basic research and medical device development in CVD. In a word, China has entered a new stage of transforming from high-speed development focusing on scale growth to high-quality development emphasizing on strategic and key technological development to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality of CVD.

Caloric restriction, Sirtuins, and cardiovascular diseases

“…In China, current estimates indicate a prevalence of 330 million CVD cases, with the disease representing the foremost cause of mortality among urban and rural populations. [1] The management and prevention of CVDs include the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, appropriate use of medications, surgical interventions, and systematic monitoring. Among the diverse treatments, caloric restriction (CR) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological therapy for preventing of CVDs.…”

Research and experiment on active training of lower limb based on five-bar mechanism of man-machine integration system

“…In recent years, stroke hazards have become more and more obvious with the acceleration of population aging [1]. In 2019, it was nearly 1.74 million people in China have been plagued by stroke hazards, and the number of patients with limb movement disorders has surged, which causing 1.6 million annual deaths [2, 3]. Therefore, solving the problem of limb movement disorders has become a top priority [4–6].…”

Elucidating VSMC phenotypic transition mechanisms to bridge insights into cardiovascular disease implications

“…The burden of CVD is escalating, projected to become the leading financial strain in healthcare by 2035 ( 2 ). Particularly in China, the “2022 China Cardiovascular Diseases Report” ( 3 ) underscores a critical situation, with CVD surpassing cancer as the leading cause of mortality, fueled by a rising incidence and mortality rates. This is compounded by factors such as the rapid aging of the population and prevalent unhealthy lifestyles, placing a vast number of individuals at an elevated risk for CVD and amplifying the national health dilemma ( 4 ).…”