Summary of emerging targets in anal cancer: the case for an immunotherapy based-approach

Morris, Van K.; Eng, Cathy

doi:10.21037/jgo.2016.08.03

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The most important vaccine with anti-cancer activities is ADXS 11-001 (or ADXS-HPV, formerly known as Lovaxin-C), a therapeutic Listeria -based vaccine targeting an HPV E7 antigen ( 108 , 109 ) and resulting a TNF-alpha (TNF-α) response and IL-2 production by DCs ( 110 ). The phase II FAWCETT trial (NCT02399813) is assessing the safety of ADXS11-001 in patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal (SCCA) and will be testing for protection against cervical, oropharyngeal, and anal cancers ( 111 ). Another bacteria-based vaccine expressing the viral E7 protein has been designed utilizing Lactobacillus casei as a vector.…”

Section: Hpv Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus

Dadar

Chakraborty²,

Dhama

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection with skin-to-skin based transmission mode. HPV annually caused over 500,000 cancer cases including cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer among others. HPV vaccination has become a public-health concern, worldwide, to prevent the cases of HPV infections including precancerous lesions, cervical cancers, and genital warts especially in adolescent female and male population by launching national programs with international alliances. Currently, available prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are expensive to be used in developing countries for vaccination programs. The recent progress in immunotherapy, biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology and molecular biology along with alternative and complementary medicinal systems have paved novel ways and valuable opportunities to design and develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, drugs and treatment approach to counter HPV effectively. Exploration and more researches on such advances could result in the gradual reduction in the incidences of HPV cases across the world. The present review presents a current global scenario and futuristic prospects of the advanced prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against HPV along with recent patents coverage of the progress and advances in drugs, vaccines and therapeutic regimens to effectively combat HPV infections and its cancerous conditions.

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Section: Hpv Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus

Dadar

Chakraborty²,

Dhama

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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“…There is no systematically reviewed evidence to recommend resection or ablation of oligometastases. Early phase data indicate there may be a future role for immune checkpoint inhibitors in this group of patients (Morris & Eng, ).…”

Section: Anal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain & Ireland (ACPGBI): Guidelines for the Management of Cancer of the Colon, Rectum and Anus (2017) – Anal Cancer

et al. 2017

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“…Epidemiological studies have reported an increasing incidence of SCAC in Europe and North America during the period 1989–2007 ( 4 ) and in the United States for 2001–2015 ( 5 ). The risk factors for SCAC include sexual practices (e.g., anal receptive intercourse, lifetime number of partners), history of sexually transmitted diseases, vulvar or cervical carcinoma/dysplasia, chronic immunosuppression [e.g., related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or subsequent to organ transplantation], and smoking ( 6 – 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dominant etiology of SCAC is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection ( 6 , 7 , 11 ), with approximately 90% of tumors found to be HPV-positive ( 2 , 12 , 13 ). Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with programmed cell death (ligand)-1 [PD-(L)1] inhibitors is a promising approach to HPV-driven malignancy based on clinical experience in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ( 14 ) and cervical cancer ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

POD1UM-303/InterAACT 2: A phase III, global, randomized, double-blind study of retifanlimab or placebo plus carboplatin–paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell anal carcinoma

Jones

Bowman

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundSquamous carcinoma of the anal canal (SCAC) is a human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven cancer with poor prognosis in locally advanced or recurrent settings. Carboplatin–paclitaxel is the preferred first-line regimen for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic SCAC, with the reported median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 8.1 and 20.0 months, respectively. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) demonstrates improved survival in HPV-driven cervical and head and neck cancers. Retifanlimab (INCMGA00012) is an investigational humanized, hinge-stabilized, immunoglobulin G4κ monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), with characteristics common to the ICB class. In POD1UM-202, retifanlimab showed substantial clinical activity and an expected safety profile in patients with advanced SCAC who progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy. Based on these encouraging results, POD1UM-303/InterAACT 2 (NCT04472429), a phase III, double-blind, randomized, multiregional study, investigates the addition of retifanlimab to the standard of care (SOC) carboplatin–paclitaxel in patients with inoperable locally recurrent or metastatic SCAC not previously treated with systemic chemotherapy.Methods and analysisPatients ≥18 years with inoperable locally recurrent or metastatic SCAC, measurable disease per RECIST v1.1, and no prior systemic chemotherapy or PD-(L)1-directed therapy will be enrolled and stratified by PD-L1 expression, region, and extent of disease. Patients with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus infection are eligible. Planned enrollment is approximately 300 patients worldwide, with a 1:1 randomization to retifanlimab or placebo. Patients will receive up to six induction cycles (24 weeks) of carboplatin (area-under-the-curve 5 on day 1) and paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15) every 28 days per SOC. Concurrently, retifanlimab 500 mg or placebo will be administered intravenously in a blinded fashion on day 1 of each 28-day cycle for up to 13 cycles (1 year) in the absence of unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, withdrawal of consent, loss to follow-up, or premature discontinuation. Crossover to open-label retifanlimab will be allowed for patients assigned to placebo upon verification of progression by blinded independent central radiographic review (BICR). The primary study endpoint is PFS per RECIST v1.1 by BICR. Secondary endpoints are OS, objective response rate, duration of response, disease control rate, safety, and retifanlimab pharmacokinetics. The study is currently recruiting.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04472429; https://clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2020-000826-24

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Summary of emerging targets in anal cancer: the case for an immunotherapy based-approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus

Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus

Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain & Ireland (ACPGBI): Guidelines for the Management of Cancer of the Colon, Rectum and Anus (2017) – Anal Cancer

POD1UM-303/InterAACT 2: A phase III, global, randomized, double-blind study of retifanlimab or placebo plus carboplatin–paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell anal carcinoma

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