Summary and Interpretation of Underground Development in Natural Grassland Communities

Weaver, J. E.

doi:10.2307/1942275

Cited by 94 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It was assuxned that at least 95% of the roots would be saxnpled by going to a depth of 80 cm (Weaver 1958;Shantz 1911). …”

Section: Specific Sampling Methods (1969)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies by Weaver (1958Weaver ( , 1961 have provided pertinent information on the root systems of shortgrass prairies. Dahlman and Kucera (1965) have provided useful information on root systems of a tallgrass prairie.…”

Section: Grazing Effects On Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible explanations for lack of treatment effects include: observed for blue grama-buffalo grass communities by Weaver (1958), 79% in the upper 15 cm and Weaver and Zink (1946a), 80% in the upper 35 cm.…”

Section: •• 190qot·oo •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Markel (1917) suggested that a superficial root system is due to soil moisture con tent and said the main factor was available water. Most of the roots occur in the upper levels of the soil profile (Weaver 1958 andNilsson 1970) and decrease rapidly with depth (Dahlman and Kucera 1965). Nilsson (1970) Analysis of variance run on the various parameters showed no significant treatment effect.…”

Section: •• 190qot·oo •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Dynamics of a Shortgrass Ecosystem

Bartos¹,

Sims²

1974

Journal of Range Management

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OF DISSERTATION ROOT DYNAMICS OF A SHOR TGRASS ECOSYSTEMSeasonal dynamics of roots of a shortgrass system were deter mined by samples collected at two week intervals for two growing seasons (1969)(1970) with a fall and winter sampling period in between.Soil cores were taken to a depth of either 10 cm or 80 cm; the deep cores were used to determine the entire profile distributions of roots.The cores were washed free of soil particles and then the root mass was dried, weighed, ashed and reweighed. All values were expressed on an ash-free basis.Sixty percent of the root weight was in the 0-10 cm segment and 75% was found in the upper 20 cm of the soil profile. The upper 10 em increment had significant variations between dates, but the lower levels remained quite constant.Four grazing treatments (none, light, moderate, heavy) were used to determine if grazing had an effect on the root mas s. No significant differences were found among the four treatments.The usual concept of substrate storage in roots and subsequent

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“…It was assuxned that at least 95% of the roots would be saxnpled by going to a depth of 80 cm (Weaver 1958;Shantz 1911). …”

Section: Specific Sampling Methods (1969)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grazing Effects On Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: •• 190qot·oo •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: •• 190qot·oo •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Dynamics of a Shortgrass Ecosystem

Bartos¹,

Sims²

1974

Journal of Range Management

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“…Most of the extant root length in any perennial plant is dominated by short lateral roots (Weaver, 1958 ;Pregitzer et al, 1997Pregitzer et al, , 2000. Presumably, main root axes persist for much longer than lateral roots, which grow and die in response to changing soil environmental conditions (Pregitzer et al, 1997).…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of tree fine roots to temperature

et al. 2000

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Soil temperature can influence the functioning of roots in many ways. If soil moisture and nutrient availability are adequate, rates of root length extension and root mortality increase with increasing soil temperature, at least up to an optimal temperature for root growth, which seems to vary among taxa. Root growth and root mortality are highly seasonal in perennial plants, with a flush of growth in spring and significant mortality in the fall. At present we do not understand whether root growth phenology responds to the same temperature cues that are known to control shoot growth. We also do not understand whether the flush of root growth in the spring depends on the utilization of stored nonstructural carbohydrates, or if it is fueled by current photosynthate. Root respiration increases exponentially with temperature, but Q "! values range widely from c. 1.5 to 3.0. Significant questions yet to be resolved are : whether rates of root respiration acclimate to soil temperature, and what mechanisms control acclimation if it occurs. Limited data suggest that fine roots depend heavily on the import of new carbon (C) from the canopy during the growing season. We hypothesize that root growth and root respiration are tightly linked to whole-canopy assimilation through complex source-sink relationships within the plant. Our understanding of how the whole plant responds to dynamic changes in soil temperature, moisture and nutrient availability is poor, even though it is well known that multiple growth-limiting resources change simultaneously through time during a typical growing season. We review the interactions between soil temperature and other growth-limiting factors to illustrate how simple generalizations about temperature and root functioning can be misleading.

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Grasslands

2015

Ecology of North America

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Summary and Interpretation of Underground Development in Natural Grassland Communities

Cited by 94 publications

References 25 publications

Root Dynamics of a Shortgrass Ecosystem

Root Dynamics of a Shortgrass Ecosystem

Responses of tree fine roots to temperature

Grasslands

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