Abstract:Thermo-mineral springs are widely spread over the volcanic areas of Salerno, a city in southern Italy. Although the water of thermal structures provides beneficial effects on human health, the air is characterized by the presence of potentially toxic compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Exposure to sulphurous compounds may have detrimental effects on human health, with asthma being the most common. In this study, air concentrations of H2S and SO2 in the thermal springs of Contu… Show more
“…Air pollution, such as NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has evolved in both urban and rural regions around the world over the last one hundred years [1]. The ambient air pollutants (e.g., CO2, NOx, SOx, PM and VOCs) have a potential adverse impact on buildings, artifacts and biochemical parameters, which further leads, for example, to a reduction in plant growth and development [2][3][4]. Moreover, a high concentration of specific pollutants can pose risks to human health [5][6][7][8].…”
In this work, the air concentration of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in the area of the Vesuvius National Park (Naples, Southern Italy) was monitored. These values are fundamental to evaluate the effects of these pollutants on both the works of archaeological, historical and artistic interest and the numerous people who visit these sites. The atmosphere in the considered area was characterised by high PM pollution (average concentrations: 59.1 g/m 3 and 50.1 g/m 3 for PM10 and PM2.5 respectively), a quite high concentration of BTEX (average total concentration of 8.25 g/m 3 ), and an average concentration of 10.3 μg/m 3 of NO2.
“…Air pollution, such as NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has evolved in both urban and rural regions around the world over the last one hundred years [1]. The ambient air pollutants (e.g., CO2, NOx, SOx, PM and VOCs) have a potential adverse impact on buildings, artifacts and biochemical parameters, which further leads, for example, to a reduction in plant growth and development [2][3][4]. Moreover, a high concentration of specific pollutants can pose risks to human health [5][6][7][8].…”
In this work, the air concentration of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in the area of the Vesuvius National Park (Naples, Southern Italy) was monitored. These values are fundamental to evaluate the effects of these pollutants on both the works of archaeological, historical and artistic interest and the numerous people who visit these sites. The atmosphere in the considered area was characterised by high PM pollution (average concentrations: 59.1 g/m 3 and 50.1 g/m 3 for PM10 and PM2.5 respectively), a quite high concentration of BTEX (average total concentration of 8.25 g/m 3 ), and an average concentration of 10.3 μg/m 3 of NO2.
“…In this regard, it is widely accepted that the thermohygrometric parameters which pose the greatest threat are: temperature, relative humidity and lighting levels [2]. However, in recent years, several studies have focused also on gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3, VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) as potential causes of deterioration [3][4][5][6].…”
Section: Introduction Microclimatic Conditions and Indoor Air Quality...mentioning
Many studies concerned with the analysis of microclimatic conditions and air quality inside museums have been conducted through the years with the aim to protect and prevent degradation of cultural heritage. However, museums are not the only places in which artifacts of historic and artistic interest can be found. For instance, churches and sanctuaries often are the home to numerous works of art which require as much care and attention in order to be properly preserved. In this study, the microclimatic conditions and air quality were monitored inside the Sanctuary of the Beata Vergine dei Miracoli, located in Saronno (VA), Italy, which hosts several important artifacts such as frescoes by Bernardino Luini and Gaudenzio Ferrari, along with wooden sculptures created by Andrea da Corbetta and decorated by Alberto da Lodi. The results of the campaign showed that both the microclimatic conditions and the air pollutants' concentrations are higher than the ideal threshold values suggested for the conservation of the artifacts.
“…Different air pollutants, comprising carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter, and some persistent organic pollutants, have negative effects on cultural heritage [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and at high concentrations can pose risks to human health [16][17][18][19].…”
The preservation and conservation of cultural heritage require a multidisciplinary approach related both to material and environmental science. The study focuses on an innovative application of stable isotope analyses to assess the air quality in cultural heritage sites both indoor (museums, churches, historical buildings) and outdoor (archeological sites). Results of our analysis showed that the value of stable carbon isotope varies with visitor presence or different concentrations of air pollutants. These findings suggest that the proposed methodology is suitable to identify problems related to air quality in cultural sites, thus helping preservation actions that must be done.
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